The purpose of this article is to provide orthopaedic surgeons with a guide for the management and treatment of osteoporosis. Preventing fracture prevention is the key efficacy end point in the medical management of osteoporosis for any patient. Enhancement of the bone mass and improving the bone quality are achieved by a combination of lifestyle modification, dietary supplementation with calcium and Vitamin D and pharmacologic treatment. This has proved effective for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The orthopedic surgeon is frequently contacted to identify patients with an osteoporotic fracture. As the orthopaedic surgeon is often the only physician to see a patient who has sustained such a fracture, orthopaedic surgeons must make every effort to determine if the injury is a fragility fracture so that the patient can be treated to prevent future fractures.