Sleep Apnea Syndrome and the Cardiovascular Diseases

Jinho Shin

doi:10.7599/hmr.2013.33.4.221

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Shin: Sleep Apnea Syndrome and the Cardiovascular Diseases

Review Article

Hanyang Medical Reviews 2013; 33(4): 221-226.

Published online: 25 November 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2013.33.4.221

Sleep Apnea Syndrome and the Cardiovascular Diseases

Jinho Shin

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to: Jinho Shin. Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-792, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2290-8308, Fax: +82-2-2299-0278, jhs2003@hanyang.ac.kr

Received 25 August 2013 Revised 16 October 2013 Accepted 24 October 2013

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) has known to be associated with obesity, hypoxemia, sympathetic activation, and hypertension. In addition, SAS is associated with various mechanisms involved in cardiovascular diseases, such as oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, smoking, and psychological stress. In recent prospective observation studies, SAS is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, i.e., heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery diseases. The association with heart failure was most evident. In some participants in the longitudinal study applied with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, SAS was not associated with prognosis. With the viewpoints in the current standard of cardiovascular medicine, there seems to be few evidence showing that CPAP treatment could prevent or improve cardiovascular outcome. Detailed review of the limitations of the prospective observational studies suggests that more sophisticated measurement of the clinical outcomes and adjustment of confounding factors will be required in the future studies. And for the clinical application, more evidence of CPAP treatment on the cardiovascular outcomes are mandatory.

Keywords: Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Heart Failure, Hypertension

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