Calcium Metabolism and Hyper and Hypoparathyroidism

Jung Hee Kim; Chan Soo Shin

doi:10.7599/hmr.2012.32.4.179

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Kim and Shin: Calcium Metabolism and Hyper and Hypoparathyroidism

Review Article

Hanyang Medical Reviews

Hanyang Medical Reviews 2012; 32(4): 179-186.

Published online: 28 November 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2012.32.4.179

Calcium Metabolism and Hyper and Hypoparathyroidism

Jung Hee Kim, Chan Soo Shin

Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chan Soo Shin. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2072-3734, Fax: +82-2-765-3734, csshin@snu.ac.kr

Received 24 August 2012 Revised 25 October 2012 Accepted 1 November 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Calcium balance refers to the state of calcium body stores which are primarily in bone, determined largely as a function of dietary intake, intestinal absorption, renal excretion, and bone remodeling. Calcium homeostasis refers to the hormonal regulation of serum ionized calcium concentrations by parathyroid hormone (PTH), the release and effect of which is dependent on the availability of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and levels of serum ionized calcium, which together regulate calcium absorption and transport in the tissues of the gut, kidney, and bone. Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed on the basis of a raised PTH level in the presence of hypercalcemia. Hypoparathyroidism refers to the failure of the body to produce levels of PTH sufficient to maintain a normal level of serum calcium. Pseudo-parathyroidismis characterized by end-organ resistance to PTH which presents as hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemias under high PTH levels.

Keywords: Calcium, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Schematic presentation of the calcium metabolism.

PTH, parathyroid hormone.

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