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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops during childhood or adolescence in approximately 25% of patients. Impairment of growth and malnutrition are significant complications of IBD, especially in Crohn disease. Growth impairment is much less prevalent in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. Chronic under-nutrition, nutrient losses, medications, and proinflammatory mediators are increasingly recognized as contributing to the observed growth failure in IBD.
A number of studies have further explored the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these nutritional complications of IBD in an effort to provide more effective intervention to prevent the long-term consequences of chronic nutrient deficiencies in childhood. Screening and assessing pediatric patients with IBD for malnutrition and growth failure are an essential component of medical care. A diet well-balanced in all nutrients is advisable for all pediatric patients with IBD. The use of selected nutrients and microorganisms (probiotics) as primary or adjunctive therapy for the treatment of IBD has become an emerging area of great interest.
This review introduces nutritional problems in children with IBD, especially in Crohn disease and recent nutritional management as well.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Factors Contributing to Growth Impairment in Children with Crohn Disease
Ref. 10 with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health
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