Nutrients and Bioactive Factors in Breastmilk

Jeong Wan Seo

doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.1.8

Journal List > Hanyang Med Rev > v.30(1) > 1044073

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Seo: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors in Breastmilk

Review Article

Hanyang Medical Reviews

Hanyang Medical Reviews 2010; 30(1): 8-16.

Published online: 28 February 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2010.30.1.8

Nutrients and Bioactive Factors in Breastmilk

Jeong Wan Seo, M.D.

Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author (jwseo@ewha.ac.kr)

Received 7 January 2010 Accepted 4 February 2010

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Breastmilk provides the best optimal nutrition for infants, especially for the first few months of life. In breastmilk, there are innumerable immune protective and modulating factors. Also, the nutrients in breastmilk act as immune protective factors. The advantages of breastfeeding are not only for protection from infectious diseases, but also protection from some chronic disease, such as celiac disease, atopy, and obesity. A dose-response relationship of breastfeeding has been reported. For lifelong health, breastfeeding is the first step. In Korea, the majority of mothers obtain information about breastfeeding from internet searching, books and magazines. Physicians should actively and enthusiastically recommend breastfeeding and provide detailed advice and integral information about breastfeeding.

Keywords: Breastmilk, Breastfeeding, Bioactive factors, Nutrients

References

1. Seo JW, Kim YJ, Lee KH, Kim JY, Sim JG, Kim HS, Ko JS, Bae SH, Park HS, Park BS. A Survey on the Understanding of Breast-feeding in Pregnant Woman. J Korean Pediatr Soc. 2002. 45:575–587.

2. Yom HW, Seo JW, Park H, Choi KH, Chang JY, Ryoo E, Yang HR, Kim JY, Seo JH, Kim YJ, Moon KR, Kang KS, Park KY, Lee SS, Shim JO. Current feeding practices and maternal nutritional knowledge on complementary feeding in Korea. Korean J Pediatr. 2009. 52:1090–1102.

3. Lawrence RA, Lawrence RM. Breastfeeding a guide for the medical profession. 2005. 6th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier Mosby.

4. American Academy of Pediatrics Working Group on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 1997. 100:1035–1039.

5. Rautava S, Walker WA. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine founder's lecture 2008: breastfeeding-an extrauterine link between mother and child. Breastfeed Med. 2009. 4:3–10.

6. Picciano MF. Nutrient composition of human milk. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001. 48:53–67.

7. Heinig MJ. Host defense benefits of breastfeeding for the infant. Effect of breastfeeding duration and exclusivity. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001. 48:105–123.

8. Ruiz-Palacios GM, Calva JJ, Pickering LK, Lopez-Vidal Y, Volkow P, Pezzarossi H, West MS. Protection of breast-fed infants against Campylobacter diarrhea by antibodies in human milk. J Pediatr. 1990. 116:707–713.

9. Clavano NR. Mode of feeding and its effect on infant mortality and morbidity. J Trop Pediatr. 1982. 28:287–293.

10. Arifeen S, Black RE, Antelman G, Baqui A, Caulfield L, Becker S. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics. 2001. 108:E67.

11. Hamosh M. Bioactive factors in human milk. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001. 48:69–86.

12. Oddy WH, Sherriff JL, de Klerk NH, Kendall GE, Sly PD, Beilin LJ, Blake KB, Landau LI, Stanley FJ. The relation of breastfeeding and body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: A prospective cohort study to age 6 years. Am J Public Health. 2004. 94:1531–1537.

13. Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF. Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Dis Child. 2006. 91:39–43.

14. Norris JM, Scott FW. A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role? Epidemiology. 1996. 7:87–92.

15. Barclay AR, Russell RK, Wilson ML, Gilmour WH, Satsangi J, Wilson DC. Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr. 2009. 155:421–426. Epub 2009 May 22.

16. Owen CG, Whincup PH, Kaye SJ, Martin RM, Davey Smith G, Cook DG, Bergstrom E, Black S, Wadsworth ME, Fall CH, Freudenheim JL, Nie J, Huxley RR, Kolacek S, Leeson CP, Pearce MS, Raitakari OT, Lisinen I, Viikari JS, Ravelli AC, Rudnicka AR, Strachan DP, Williams SM. Does initial breastfeeding lead to lower blood cholesterol in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008. 88:305–314.

17. Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics. 2005. 115:1367–1377.

18. Lönnerdal B, Lien EL. Nutritional and physiologic significance of alpha-lactalbumin in infants. Nutr Rev. 2003. 61:295–305.

19. Lönnerdal B, Forsum E. Casein content of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985. 41:113–120.

20. Kunz C, Lönnerdal B. Re-evaluation of the whey protein/casein ratio of human milk. Acta Paediatr. 1992. 81:107–112.

21. Butte NF, Villalpando S, Wong WW, Flores-Huerta S, Hernandez-Beltran MJ, Smith EO, Garza C. Human milk intake and growth faltering of rural Mesoamerindian infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992. 55:1109–1116.

22. Ala-Houbala M. 25-(Hydroxyvitamin)D levels during breast-feeding with or without maternal or infantile supplementation of vitamin D. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1985. 4:220–226.

23. Wagner CL, Husley TC, Fanning D, Ebeling M, Hollis BW. High dose vitamin D3 supplementation in a cohort of breastfeeding mothers and their infants: a six-month follow-up pilot study. Breastfeed Med. 2006. 1:59–70.

24. Yang HR, Seo JW, Kim YJ, Kim JY, Ryoo E, Sim JG, Yom HW, Chang JY, Jung JA, Choi KH. Recent concepts on vitamin D in children and adolescents. Korean J Pediatr. 2009. 52:1082–1089.

25. Wagner CL, Greer FR. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008. 122:1142–1152.

26. Greer FR, Tsang RC, Searcy JE, Levin RS, Steichen JJ. Mineral homeostasis during lactation-relationship to serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982. 36:431–437.

27. Beer AE, Billingham RE. Immunologic benefits and hazards of milk in maternal-perinatal relationship. Ann Intern Med. 1975. 83:865–871.

28. Ogra SS, Ogra PL. Immunologic aspects of human colostrum and milk I Distribution characteristics and concentrations of immunoglobulins at different times after the onset of lactation. J Pediatr. 1978. 92:546–549.

29. Goldman AS, Garza C, Nichols BL, Goldblum RM. Immunologic factors in human milk during the first year of lactation. J Pediatr. 1982. 100:563–567.

30. Wirt DP, Adkins LT, Palkowetz KH, Schmalstieg FC, Goldman AS. Activated and memory T lymphocytes in human milk. Cytometry. 1992. 13:282–290.

31. Howell RR, Morriss FH, Pickering LK. Human milk in infant nutrition and health. 1986. Springfield, USA: Thomas.

32. Miranda R, Saravia NG, Ackerman R, Murphy N, Berman S, McMurray DN. Effect of maternal nutritional status on immunological substances in human colostrum and milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983. 37:632–640.

33. Lönnerdal B, Iyer S. Lactoferrin molecular structure and biological function. Annu Rev Nutr. 1995. 15:93–110.

34. Quan R, Yang C, Rubinstein S, Lewiston NJ, Stevenson DK, Kerner JA Jr. The effect of nutritional additives on anti-infective factors in human milk. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1994. 33:325–328.

35. Jones CA, Holloway JA, Popplewell EJ, Diaper ND, Holloway JW, Vance GH, Warner JA, Warner JO. Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002. 109:858–866.

36. Savilahti E, Siltanen M, Kajosaari ME, Vaarala O, Saarinen KM. IgA antibodies, TGF-beta1 and -beta2, and soluble CD14 in the colostrum and development of atopy by age 4. Pediatr Res. 2005. 58:1300–1305.

37. Read LC, Upton FM, Francis GL, Wallace JC, Dahlenberg GW, Ballard FJ. Changes in the growth-promoting activity of human milk during lactation. Pediatr Res. 1984. 18:133–139.

38. Dvorak B, Fituch CC, Williams CS, Hurst NM, Schanler RJ. Increased epidermal growth factor levels in human milk of mothers with extremely premature infants. Pediatr Res. 2003. 54:15–19.

39. Ludviksson BR, Seegers D, Resnick AS, Strober W. The effect of TGF-beta1 on immune responses of naive versus memory CD4Th1/Th2 T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2000. 30:2101–2111.

40. Claud EC, Savidge T, Walker WA. Modulation of human intestinal epithelial cell IL-8 secretion by human milk factors. Pediatr Res. 2003. 53:419–425.

41. Takeuchi M, Alard P, Streilein JW. TGF-beta promotes immune deviation by altering accessory signals of antigen-presenting cells. J Immunol. 1998. 160:1589–1597.

42. Huurre A, Laitinen K, Rautava S, Korkeamäki M, Isolauri E. Impact of maternal atopy and probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on infant sensitization: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008. 38:1342–1348.

TOOLS

Similar articles