From WHO/UNICEF: Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Revised, updated and expanded for integrated car, 2009. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/bfhi/en/index.html

From Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Breast milk and infection. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:501-28.

This is slected, limited list intended to consider some important viruses that cause infection in the neonate or infant and possible issues related to breastfeeding and breast milk

Abbreviations: BF, breatfeeding; BM, expressed breast milk; HBV, hepatitis B virus; LBW, low birth weight; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PI, period of infection; VLBW, very low birth weight; VZV, varicella-zoster virus

^aViruses that cause a various of clinical illness in the infant and the mother; the specific illnesses are too numerous to list

^bFor breasfeeding and non-breasfeeding situations; does not include all possible or reported modes of transnission (airborne, body fluids, contant, droplet, food-borne)

^cDoes not include all possible times of transmission.

^dNotes the appropriateness of breastfeeding or use of breat milk when the mother a specific viral infection.

^eRefer to the text for more explanation.

^fCMV-positive breast milk should be avoided in these infants if they lack CMV-IgG. They are at greater risk to develop CMV-related disease.

^gBreast-fed infants who have received hepatitis B vaccine with or without hepatitis B immunoglobulin as indicated by maternal hepatitis are at no greater risk for HBV infection than formula-fed infants (who also should have received hepatitis B vaccine with or without hepatitis B immunoglobulin as indicated by maternal hepatitis B status).

^hPalivizamab is indicated for certain children at high risk for respiratory syncythial virus infection, regardless of feeding mode

From Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Breast milk and infection. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:501-28.

^*Also referred to as postnatal transmission of HIV (PNT) from WHO/UNICEF: Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Revised, updated and expanded for integrated car, 2009. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/bfhi/en/index.html

This is a selected, limited list intended to consider some important bacteria that cause infecion in the neonate or infant and possible issues to breastfeeding and breast milk.

Abbreviations: BF, breastfeeding is appropriate; MB, expressed brest milk is appropriate; IV, intravenous; NA, Not applicable; PI, period of infectivity; TB, tuberculosis.

^aBacteria that cause various clinical illesses in the infant and the mother; specific illnesses are too numerous to list.

^bFor breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding situations; does not include all possible or reported modes of transmission (airborne, body fluids, contact, droplet, food-borne).

^cDose not include all possible times of transmission. If "NA" the timing of infection is not associated frequently with pregnancy, delivery, or neonates and infants.

^dNotes the appropriateness of breastfeeding or use of breast milk when the mother has specific bacterial infection.

^eRefer to the text for explanation

From Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Breast milk and infection. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:501-28.

This is a selected, limited list intended to consider some important organisms that cause infection in the neonate or infant and possible issuse related to breastfeeding and breast milk.

Abbreviations: BF, breastfeeding; BM, expressed breast milk; NA, not applicable; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PI. period of infection; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.

^aOrganisms that cause various clinical illnesses in the infant and the mother; specific illnesses are too numerous to list.

^bFor breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding situations; does not include all possible or reported modes of transmission (airborne, body fluids; contact, droplet, food-borne).

^cDoes not include all possible times of transmission. If "NA," the timing of infection is not associated frenquently with pregnancy, delivery, or neonates and infants.

^dNotes the appropriateness of breastfeeding or use of breast milk when the mother has an infection with that specific organism

^eRefer to the text for more explanation

From Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Breast milk and infection. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:501-28.

From Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA. Breast milk and infection. Clin Perinatol 2004;31:501-28.