Exposure Assessment for Pesticide Residues in Vegetables using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data for Seoulites

Mi-Ra Jang; Hyun-Kyung Moon; Tae-Rang Kim; Dong-Hyun Yuk; In-Sook Hwang; Moo-Sang Kim; Jung-Hun Kim; Young-Zoo Chae

doi:10.4163/kjn.2011.44.5.443

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Jang, Moon, Kim, Yuk, Hwang, Kim, Kim, and Chae: Exposure Assessment for Pesticide Residues in Vegetables using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data for Seoulites

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2011; 44(5): 443-452.

Published online: 31 October 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.5.443

Exposure Assessment for Pesticide Residues in Vegetables using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data for Seoulites

Mi-Ra Jang¹, Hyun-Kyung Moon², Tae-Rang Kim¹, Dong-Hyun Yuk¹, In-Sook Hwang¹, Moo-Sang Kim¹, Jung-Hun Kim¹, Young-Zoo Chae¹

¹Gangnam Agro-marin Products Inspection Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health andEnvironment, Seoul 138-701, Korea.

²Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (jangmr@seoul.go.kr)

Received 1 October 2011 Revised 13 October 2011 Accepted 15 October 2011

Abstract

The characteristics of pesticide residues were examined in 18,069 samples from 91 vegetable commodities collected in Seoul from 2007 to 2009, and the vegetable dietary intakes of Seoulites were estimated using the Korea National Health and Nutrition examination survey data from 2008. The hazard index was calculated using vegetable pesticide residues and dietary vegetable intake by Seoulites. Detection rates for pesticide residues in vegetables were 11.2 % in 2007, 8.6 % in 2008, and 12.0 % in 2009. Excess rate of Maximum Residue Limits tended to decline from 4.6 % in 2007, to 2.8 % in 2008, and 2.1 % in 2009. Daily vegetable intake for Seoulites was 288.12 ± 214.8 g, and vegetable intake by males was more than that of females (p < 0.001). The hazard index was the highest at 2.76 × 10^-2 in 2007, and the lowest at 1.69 × 10^-2 in 2009. The risks caused by multiple pesticides in vegetables were very low and vegetable intake was safe considering the hazard index values.

Keywords: exposure assessment, pesticide residues, vegetable intakes, hazard index

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Analyzed vegetable groups

Table 2

Pesticides analyzed by GC and HPLC

a: Analyzed only in 2007, b: Analyzed in 2008 and 2009

Table 3

Analytical conditions of GC/NPD and GC/µECD

Table 4

Analytical conditions of GC/MSD

Table 5

Analytical conditions of HPLC/DAD

Table 6

Comparison of pesticide residues in vegetables from 2007 to 2009

1) Pesticides concentration (mg/kg) 2) One way ANOVA test (α = 0.05), a, b, ab: Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Table 7

Comparison of vegetable intakes for Korean and Seoulite

1) Mean ± SD, g/day 2) Except of Seoulite

^*: p from t-test < 0.001

Table 8

Daily intakes of vegetables for Seoulite

Table 9

HI estimates for adult by vegetables

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