Associations Between Daily Food and Nutrient Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Men Aged 50 Years and Older

Ji-Myung Kim; Mi Ran Jin; Hye Won Kim; Namsoo Chang

doi:10.4163/kjn.2011.44.5.394

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Kim, Jin, Kim, and Chang: Associations Between Daily Food and Nutrient Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Men Aged 50 Years and Older

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2011; 44(5): 394-405.

Published online: 31 October 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.5.394

Associations Between Daily Food and Nutrient Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Men Aged 50 Years and Older

Ji-Myung Kim¹, Mi Ran Jin², Hye Won Kim³, Namsoo Chang³

¹Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hanbuk University, Dongducheon 483-777, Korea.

²The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.

³Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (nschang@ewha.ac.kr)

Received 19 August 2011 Revised 5 September 2011 Accepted 14 October 2011

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B₁, B₂, B₆, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B₁, B₂, B₆, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

Keywords: osteopenia, bone mineral density, food intake, nutrient intake, men

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Anthropometric characteristics and bone mineral density between normal and osteopenia groups

1) Mean ± SD 2) RBW (Relative Body Weight): [Weight (kg)/height (cm) - 100 × 0.9] × 100 3) BMI: Body Mass Index [weight (kg) / height (m²)] 4) Significance by t-test ^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

Comparison of daily food intake by food groups between normal and osteopenia groups

1) Mean ± SD 2) No siginificance by GLM after adjusting for age and weight (p < 0.05)

Table 3

Comparison of daily nutrient intake by 3-day food record between normal and osteopenia groups

1) Mean ± SD 2) Siginificance by GLM after adjusting for age and weight (^*: p < 0.05)

Table 4

Correlation coefficients between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and variables of daily food group intake in normal and osteopenia groups

1) Significantly different by Partial correlation analysis after adjusting for age and weight (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001)

Table 5

Correlation coefficients between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and variables of daily nutrients intake in normal and osteopenia groups

1) Significantly different by Partial correlation analysis after adjusting for age and weight (^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p <0.01)

Table 6

Multiple regression analysis between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and variables in normal group1)

1) adjusting for age and weight

Table 7

Multiple regression analysis between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and variables in osteopenia group1)

1) adjusting for age and weight

Notes

This study was supported in part by the 2nd Stage of the Brain Korea of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

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