Effect of Dietary Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Rats

Mi-Ja Choi; Mi-Seong Kim

doi:10.4163/kjn.2011.44.3.189

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Choi and Kim: Effect of Dietary Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Rats

Research Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2011; 44(3): 189-195.

Published online: 30 June 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.3.189

Effect of Dietary Vitamin K₂ Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Rats

Mi-Ja Choi, Mi-Seong Kim

Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Deagu 704-701, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (choimj@kmu.ac.kr)

Received 11 May 2011 Revised 9 June 2011 Accepted 12 June 2011

Abstract

Vitamin K has been suggested to plays a role in bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine whether vitamin K₂ supplementation is related to bone mineral density, bone formation markers, and bone resorption in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats (body weight, 200 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups: a sham group fed a control diet, a sham group fed a vitamin K2 supplemented diet, OVX fed a control diet, and OVX fed a vitamin K₂ supplemented diet (3.5 mg vitamin K₂/kg diet). All rats were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks, and deionized water was provided ad libitum. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink values were measured as markers of bone formation and resorption. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content were measured in the spine and femur using PIXImus (GE Lunar Co., Madison, WI, USA). No significant differences in body weight gain, food intake, or food efficiency ratio were observed between the control and experimental groups. Serum ALP, osteocalcin, and urinary crosslink values were not significantly different between the vitamin K₂ supplemented groups. No significant differences were observed for any of the variables in the sham group. Spine BMD values were significantly lower in the OVX than those in the sham groups. Spine and femur BMD per weight of vitamin K₂ tended to be higher than the control diet group within the OVX group, but no significant differences were observed. In conclusion, dietary vitamin K₂ supplementation may have a beneficial effect on spine and femur BMD in OVX rats. Further research is needed to understand the potential benefits of vitamin K₂ on bone loss in OVX rats.

Keywords: vitamin K₂, BMD, BMC, ovariectomized rats

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Composition of experimental diets (g/kg diet)

1) Casein, Maeil Dairy Indstry CO. Korea 2) α-Cellulose, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA 3) AIN-93G-MX, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, wisconsin, USA 4) AIN-93G-VX, Teklad Test Diets, Medison, wisconsin, USA 5) L-Cystein, Sigma Chemical CO., St. Louis, MO, USA 6) Choline bitartate, Sigma Chemical CO., St. Louis, MO, USA 7) Tert-bultyl hydroquione, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA 8) Vitamin K₂: Sigma Chemical CO., St. Louis, MO, USA

Table 2

The effect of diets on body weight, weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) in rats

1) Mean ± SD 2) FER: Food efficiency ratio

Table 3

The effect of diets on serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin in rats

1) Mean ± SD 2) ALP: Alkaline phosphatase

Table 4

The effect of diets on urinary Ca, P, and DPD crosslink value in rats

1) Mean ± SD

Table 5

The effect of diets on spine BMD and BMC in rats

1) Mean ± SD 2) Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test 3) SBMD: Spine bone mineral density 4) SBMC: Spine bone mineral content

Table 6

The effect of diets on femur BMD and BMC in rats

1) Mean ± SD 2) Values with different superscripts within the row are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test 3) FBMD: Femur bone mineral density 4) FBMC: Femur bone mineral content

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