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Abstract
Most cancer patients are treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation as anticancer therapies. Especially in the case of radiation, these treatments produce adverse effects such as vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, normal cell damage and malabsorption. The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation on the nutritional and immune status in irradiated rats. A secondary goal was to determine the effectiveness of high protein diet (HP) and resveratrol (Res) in minimizing the adverse effects of radiation. Rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (NP), HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups. Each group was further divided into subgroups that received radiation (RT group) and one that did not (non-RT group). Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy. The diets were continued until 10th day after radiation treatment and animals were sacrificed. The radiation treatment showed decreased body weight, serum protein and HDL levels and increased TG and LDL levels in nutritional status. HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups reduced the level of serum LDL and TG in irradiated rats. NP + Res and HP + Res groups increased reduced albumin level of serum in RT group. In case of immune status, the radiation treat-ment showed decreased WBC, lymphocytes and increased neutrophil and eosinophil levels. The levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased by radiation, however the cytokine levels decreased in all dietary treatment groups. These results showed that high protein diet and resveratrol supplementation seem to minimize the adverse effects of radiation on lipid nutritional status and inflammation response in the rat model.
Figures and Tables
 | Fig. 1Body weight and food intakes of rats was measured before and after radiation. Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy in experimental groups, and was continued until 10th day after radiation treatment. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as etermined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b.
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 | Fig. 2Total protein in serum of rats was measured 10th day after radiation. Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy in experimental groups, and was continued until 10th day after radiation treatment. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c < d.
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 | Fig. 3Lipid status in serum of rats was measured 10th day after radiation. Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy in experimental groups, and was continued until 10th day after radiation treatment. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c < d.
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 | Fig. 4IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 productions in serum of rats were-measured 10th day after radiation. Each diet was supplied from 12th day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy in experimental groups, and was continued until 10th day after radiation treatment. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c < d.
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Table 2
Anemia-related indexes for the conditional diets in radiation-induced injury
NP, AIN-93M Diet HP, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein; NP+Res, oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day; HP + Res, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein plus oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day; Hb., hemoglobin Hct., hematocrit MCV, mean corpuscular volume MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Values are mean ± SD. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c < d
Table 3
Measurements of blood cell counts for the conditional diets in radiation-induced injury
NP, AIN-93M Diet HP, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein; NP + Res, oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day; HP + Res, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein plus oral administration of 50mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day. Values are mean ± SD. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c
Table 4
Proportion of WBC for the conditional diets in radiation-induced injury
NP, AIN-93M Diet HP, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein; NP+Res, oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day; HP + Res, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein plus oral administration of 50mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day. Values are mean ± SD. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b < c < d
Table 5
Measurements of immunoglobulin for the conditional diets in radiation-induced injury
NP, AIN-93M Diet HP, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein; NP + Res, oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day; HP + Res, Modified AIN-93M with 30% protein plus oral administration of 50 mg/kg b.w. resveratrol in saline every other day. Values are mean ± SD. Means with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 as determined by Duncan's multiple test. a < b
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