Reanalysis of 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 KNHANES) Results by CAN-Pro 3.0 Nutrient Database

Youn Jeong Shim; Hee Young Paik

doi:10.4163/kjn.2009.42.6.577

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Shim and Paik: Reanalysis of 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 KNHANES) Results by CAN-Pro 3.0 Nutrient Database

Original Article

Korean Journal of Nutrition

Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009; 42(6): 577-595.

Published online: 30 September 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.6.577

Reanalysis of 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 KNHANES) Results by CAN-Pro 3.0 Nutrient Database

Youn Jeong Shim¹, Hee Young Paik^1,²

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

²Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (hypaik@snu.ac.kr)

Received 30 June 2009 Revised 13 August 2009 Accepted 31 August 2009

Abstract

This study aimed to reanalyze energy and nutrient intakes of 2007 Korean Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) using CAN-Pro 3.0, a commonly used nutrient analysis software in Korea. Food items and their codes were selected from 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file and converted to food codes of CAN-Pro 3.0 nutrient database (NDB). Of the 1,324 total food items, 1,155 items were converted by direct matching, 123 items were matched using other items in CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and 42 items were matched using external sources. Consumption frequencies of items converted by direct matching contributed 94.5% of total consumption. Nutrient intakes of 4,091 participants of 2007 KNHANES, over 1 year old, were recalculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and compared with intakes in 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file. Intakes for energy and all nutrients except protein and Vitamin C calculated by two NDBs were significantly different by paired t-test (p < 0.001), but significantly correlated by Pearson' correlation coefficients (p < 0.001). Percent differences between the NDBs ranged from 0.3% to 15.1%, low for protein, energy, vitamin C, iron, vitamin B₂ (below 5%) but high for phosphorus, retinol, vitamin A, and β-carotene (over 10%). Age group, sex, and their interactions significantly influenced six nutrients (p < 0.05). Intake levels of zinc, vitamin B₆, vitamin E, folate and cholesterol were not available in 2007 KNHANES but were calculated by CAN-Pro 3.0. Mean intake levels of zinc, vitamin B₆, vitamin E, and folate by age and sex groups revealed that some groups had mean levels below RI (Recommended Intake) or AI (Adequate Intake) levels. Intake level of cholesterol was higher than the recommended level (below 300 mg/day) in some groups, especially males. Results of the present study indicate the need for comparable and more comprehensive NDB to be used for dietary assessment of KNHANES and other researches. More rigorous evaluation of nutrients which have not been reported in KNHANES is needed.

Keywords: nutrient database, zinc, vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin E, cholesterol

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Age distribution of subjects of 2007 KNHANES

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 2

Types of food matching of 2007 KNHANES foods to CAN-Pro 3.0 NDS foods

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 3

Mean energy and nutrients intakes of 2007 KNHANES subjects using different NDBs (N = 4,091)

^*: Difference is significant by paired t-test (p < 0.001)

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

1)Weighted valued(wt_24rc) was applied for calculating mean and SE

2)p-value by Multiple Regression

3)Retinol Equivalent

Table 4

Mean (SE) intake of energy and nutrients by age group and sex in 2007 KNHANES from KNHANES (A) and CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB (B)

Weighted value (wt_24rc) was applied for calculating mean and SE. KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 1) M: Male, F: Female, 2) RE=Retinol Equivalent

Table 5

Pearson's correlation coefficient for nutrient intakes of 2007 KNHANES subjects between KNHANES and CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

1)Linear relationship between the intakes from the two NDBs of all nutrients and energy was significant at the p < 0.001 level

Table 6

Intakes of nutrients not included in KNHANES report of 2007 KNHANES subjects

Significant difference between nutrient intakes of male and female by t-test. ^***: p ≤ 0.001, ^***p ≤ 0.01, ^*: p ≤ 0.05. KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. 1) %RI of mean intake level, 2) % AI of mean intake level, 3) WHO standard, 300 mg/day

Table 7

Contribution of food groups to intakes of nutrients not included in 2007 KNHANES report

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 8

Food items with more than 1% of intake for nutrients not included in 2007 KNHANES report

KNHANES: Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey

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