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Abstract
The serum levels of antioxidant materials (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, retinol) of the healthy Korean middle-aged adults (n = 373) were measured and their relationships with the serum lipids and anthropometric indices were analyzed. The serum levels of β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein were higher than those of lycopene and α-carotene. The levels of all measured carotenoids except lutein were significantly higher in females than in males, but retinol level was vice versa. There was a tendency of increase in serum levels of antioxidant vitamins with increasing age. The serum carotenoid levels had a positive correlation with serum cholesterol and a negative correlation with serum triglyceride. The serum levels of tocopherols or retinol showed a significantly positive relationship with blood cholesterol or triglyceride. In overall, anthropometric indices showed negative relations with serum carotenoids levels, but vice versa with serum tocopherol or retinol levels. Particularly, β-carotene and lutein levels showed a significantly negative relation with blood pressure in male subjects. The serum levels of α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin had significantly negative relations with body fat-related indices in female subjects. The results demonstrated that blood antioxidants levels differed by sex and age, and had significant relations with blood lipid levels and anthropometric indices. Therefore, the rationale and significance of the relationships need to be elucidated in the future study related to dietary intakes and life style.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
Characteristics of the subjects
1)Number (%), 2) Values are mean ± S.D.
*: indicates significant difference between two groups by Student's t-test (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.001)
NS: Not significantly different between two groups (p < 0.05), BMI: body mass index = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2, WHR: waist hip ratio = waist circumference/hip circumference, TBA: thiobarbituric acid
Table 3
Distribution of the subjects according to nutritional status of serum α-tocopherol and retinol
Table 4
Correlation coefficients of serum carotenoids, tocopherol and retinol concentrations with serum lipids
Table 5
Correlation coefficients of serum carotenoids, tocopherol and retinol concentration with serum and urine TBARS
Table 6
Correlation coefficient of serum carotenoids, tocopherol and retinol concentration with anthropometric indices
1)indicates significant correlation between variables by Partial correlation test (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.001)
Adjusted for age, total cholesterol
BMI: body mass index = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2, WHR: waist hip ratio = waist circumference/hip circumference, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure
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