Effect of friction from differing vertical bracket placement on the force and moment of NiTi wires

Jea-Beom Park; Ji-A Yoo; Sung-Seo Mo; Kwang-Cheol Choi; Yoon-Ji Kim; Seong Ho Han; Yoon-Ah Kook

doi:10.4041/kjod.2011.41.5.337

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Park, Yoo, Mo, Choi, Kim, Han, and Kook: Effect of friction from differing vertical bracket placement on the force and moment of NiTi wires

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2011; 41(5): 337-345.

Published online: 31 October 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2011.41.5.337

Effect of friction from differing vertical bracket placement on the force and moment of NiTi wires

Jea-Beom Park, DDS, MSD^a, Ji-A Yoo, DDS^b, Sung-Seo Mo, DDS, MSD, PhD^c, Kwang-Cheol Choi, DDS, MSD, PhD^d, Yoon-Ji Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^e, Seong Ho Han, DMD, MS^f, Yoon-Ah Kook, DDS, MSD, PhD^g

^aFormer Student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

^bResident, Department of Orthodontics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

^cAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

^dPrivate Practice, Korea.

^eAssistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

^fClinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

^gProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.

Corresponding author: Seong Ho Han. Department of Orthodontics, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Paldal-gu, Ji-dong, Suwon 442-723, Korea. +82 31 249 7670; seonghh@hotmail.com.

Received 16 March 2011 Revised 9 June 2011 Accepted 10 June 2011

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of force and moment produced by Nickel-titanium wires of different sizes at activation and deactivation according to differing vertical bracket displacement.

Methods

Superelastic NiTi wires of 3 different sizes (0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" × 0.022") were tied with elastomeric or 0.009-inch stainless steel ligations in a twin-bracket, 0.018-inch slot. A testing machine recorded the effects of simulated activation of 5 distances from 1 to 5 mm and deactivation of 5 distances from 4 to 0 mm, in increments of 1 mm.

Results

Frictional force increased the wire stiffness during loading. Ligation of 0.014-inch NiTi wire with O-ring resulted in a significant increase in the stiffness. On application of orthodontic force for 5 mm of vertical displacement of teeth, the effective displacement in the case of the 0.014", 0.016", and 0.016" × 0.022" NiTi wires was 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results showed that movement of teeth with large vertical displacement was ineffective because of excessive friction. This finding might contribute to the understanding of the force system required for effective teeth movement and thereby facilitate the application of the appropriate light wire for leveling and alignment.

Keywords: Stainless steel ligation, Force & moment, Friction, Vertical displacement

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Each sensor was bonded with a bracket, and wire was applied passively. The position of each sensor was then adjusted precisely, setting the initial force and moment to 0.

Fig. 2

Force system at bracket/wire interface. Moment in clockwise direction (+). Force in right and upward direction (+). A, Bracket located in the middle for displacement; B, laterally positioned bracket connected to sensor. Fav, Vertical force measured on bracket A (signal +: ↑); Fbh, horizontal force measured on bracket B (signal +: →); Mb, moment measured on bracket B (signal +: ↷).

Fig. 3

Moment difference between theoretical and practical values of three NiTi wires tied with stainless steel ligation.

Fig. 4

Moment difference between theoretical and practical values of three NiTi wires tied with O-ring.

Fig. 5

Theoretical value of 0.014" NiTi and 0.016" × 0.022" NiTi wire tied with stainless steel ligation.

Fig. 6

Theoretical value of 0.014" NiTi and 0.016" × 0.022" NiTi wire tied with O-ring.

Table 1

Mean force and moment values of 0.014", 0.016" and 0.016" × 0.022" NiTi wires tied with stainless steel ligation

Fav, Vertical force measured on bracket A (signal +: ↑); Fbh, horizontal force measured on bracket B (signal +: →); Mb, moment measured on bracket B (signal +: ↷).

Table 2

Mean force and moment values of 0.014", 0.016" and 0.016" × 0.022" NiTi wires tied with O-ring

Fav, Vertical force measured on bracket A (signal +: ↑); Fbh, horizontal force measured on bracket B (signal +: →); Mb, moment measured on bracket B (signal +: ↷).

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