Journal List > Korean J Orthod > v.40(2) > 1043655

Yun, Lee, and Yang: Modified laser etching technique of enamel for bracket bonding

Abstract

Objective

Many studies have carried out research on comparisons between laser etching and conventional etching systems to investigate methods of reinforcing shear bond strength. The purposes of this study were to assess the efficiency of bonding with erbium, chromium doped: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching combined with the conventional etching technique.

Methods

Sixty-four sound premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated in the following manner. First group, conventional etching of 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds (control); second group, 1.5 W laser etching for 10 seconds followed by conventional etching; third group, conventional etching followed by 1.5 W laser etching; fourth group, 1.5 W laser etching for 15 seconds only. We assessed the shear bond strength, the surface characteristics, and the adhesive remnant index scores between all groups.

Results

Experimental groups showed higher shear bond strength than the control group. But no statistically significant differences were found between the second and third groups. Adhesive remnant scores were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and no statistically significant differences were found between all groups.

Conclusions

To obtain maximum shear bonding strength, a combined technique of Er,Cr:YSGG and 37% phosphoric acid is useful even though it may be inconvenient.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Mounting state on universal testing machine (UTM) and Force direction.
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Fig. 2
Means and standard deviations of the bond strengths for each group. 1, 37% phosphoric acid; 2, laser etching + phosphoric acid; 3, phosphoric acid + laser etching; 4, laser etching.
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Fig. 3
SEM images of enamel surface. A, 37% phosphoric acid (× 1,500); B, Laser etching + phosphoricacid (× 1,700); C, Phosphoric acid + laser etching (× 1,600); D, Laser etching (× 1,800).
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Table 1
Descriptive statistics for the phosphoric acid, laser and combination etching groups
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*Group 1, 37% phosphoric acid; 2, laser etching + phosphoric acid; 3, phosphoric acid + laser etching; 4, laser etching (p < 0.05). Different alphabets, a and b, mean significantly different at 0.05 significance level; Sig: signification.

Table 2
The adhesive remnant index (ARI) of each group and Kruskal-Wallis test
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*Adhesive remnant index scores were: 1, All adhesive remaining on the tooth; 2, more than 90% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 3, more than 10% but less than 90% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 4, less than 10% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 5, no adhesive remaining on the tooth (p < 0.05).

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