Modified laser etching technique of enamel for bracket bonding

Min-Sung Yun; Sang-Min Lee; Byung-Ho Yang

doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.2.87

Journal List > Korean J Orthod > v.40(2) > 1043655

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Yun, Lee, and Yang: Modified laser etching technique of enamel for bracket bonding

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2010; 40(2): 87-94.

Published online: 30 April 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.2.87

Modified laser etching technique of enamel for bracket bonding

Min-Sung Yun, DDS^a, Sang-Min Lee, DDS, MSD^b, Byung-Ho Yang, DDS, MSD, PhD^c

^aGraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea.

^bAssistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea.

^cAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Korea.

Corresponding author: Sang-Min Lee. Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 896, Pyeongan-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang 431-070, Korea. +82 31 380 5976; smlee0624@gmail.com

Received 18 November 2009 Revised 5 February 2010 Accepted 8 February 2010

Abstract

Objective

Many studies have carried out research on comparisons between laser etching and conventional etching systems to investigate methods of reinforcing shear bond strength. The purposes of this study were to assess the efficiency of bonding with erbium, chromium doped: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching combined with the conventional etching technique.

Methods

Sixty-four sound premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated in the following manner. First group, conventional etching of 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds (control); second group, 1.5 W laser etching for 10 seconds followed by conventional etching; third group, conventional etching followed by 1.5 W laser etching; fourth group, 1.5 W laser etching for 15 seconds only. We assessed the shear bond strength, the surface characteristics, and the adhesive remnant index scores between all groups.

Results

Experimental groups showed higher shear bond strength than the control group. But no statistically significant differences were found between the second and third groups. Adhesive remnant scores were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and no statistically significant differences were found between all groups.

Conclusions

To obtain maximum shear bonding strength, a combined technique of Er,Cr:YSGG and 37% phosphoric acid is useful even though it may be inconvenient.

Keywords: Laser, Etching, Acid etching, Shear bond strength

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Mounting state on universal testing machine (UTM) and Force direction.

Fig. 2

Means and standard deviations of the bond strengths for each group. 1, 37% phosphoric acid; 2, laser etching + phosphoric acid; 3, phosphoric acid + laser etching; 4, laser etching.

Fig. 3

SEM images of enamel surface. A, 37% phosphoric acid (× 1,500); B, Laser etching + phosphoricacid (× 1,700); C, Phosphoric acid + laser etching (× 1,600); D, Laser etching (× 1,800).

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for the phosphoric acid, laser and combination etching groups

^*Group 1, 37% phosphoric acid; 2, laser etching + phosphoric acid; 3, phosphoric acid + laser etching; 4, laser etching (p < 0.05). Different alphabets, ^a and ^b, mean significantly different at 0.05 significance level; Sig: signification.

Table 2

The adhesive remnant index (ARI) of each group and Kruskal-Wallis test

^*Adhesive remnant index scores were: 1, All adhesive remaining on the tooth; 2, more than 90% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 3, more than 10% but less than 90% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 4, less than 10% of the adhesive remaining on the tooth; 5, no adhesive remaining on the tooth (p < 0.05).

References

1. Stern RH, Sognnaes RF. Laser beam effect on dental hard tissues. J Dent Res. 1964. 43:873.

2. Suh CH, Chang NY, Chae JM, Cho JH, Kim SC, Kang KH. Efficiency of ceramic bracket debonding with the Er:YAG laser. Korean J Orthod. 2009. 39:213–224.

3. An KM, Sohn DS. The effect of using laser for ceramic bracket bonding of porcelain surfaces. Korean J Orthod. 2008. 38:275–282.

4. von Fraunhofer JA, Allen DJ, Orbell GM. Laser etching enamel for direct bonding. Angle Orthod. 1993. 63:73–76.

5. Ozer T, Başaran G, Berk N. Laser etching of enamel for orthodontic bonding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008. 134:193–197.

6. Uşümez S, Orhan M, Uşümez A. Laser etching of enamel for direct bonding with an Er,Cr:YSGG hydrokinetic laser system. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002. 122:649–656.

7. Öztürk F, Babacan H, Nalçacı R, Kuştarc A. Effects of direct and indirect bonding techniques on bond strength and microleakage after thermocycling. Korean J Orthod. 2009. 39:393–401.

8. Bishara SE, Trulove TS. Comparisons of different debonding techniques for ceramic brackets: an in-vitro study. Part 1. Background and methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990. 98:145–153.

9. Rizoiu I, Kohanghadosh F, Kimmel AI, Eversole LR. Pulpal thermal responses to an erbium, chromium:YSGG pulsed laser hydrokinetic system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998. 86:220–223.

10. Ariyaratnam MT, Wilson MA, Mackie IC, Blinkhorn AS. A comparison of surface roughness and composite/enamel bond strength of human enamel following the application of the Nd:YAG laser and etching with phosphoric acid. Dent Mater. 1997. 13:51–55.

11. Reynolds IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod. 1975. 2:171–178.

12. Wang X, Ishizaki NT, Suzuki N, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Morphological changes of bovine mandibular bone irradiated by Er,Cr;YSGG laser: an in vitro study. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2002. 20:245–250.

13. Kimura Y, Yu DG, Fujita A, Yamashita A, Murakami Y, Matsumoto K. Effects of erbium,chromium:YSGG laser irradiation on canine mandibular bone. J Periodontol. 2001. 72:1178–1182.

14. Johnston CD, Hussey DL, Burden DJ. The effect of etch duration on the microstructure of molar enamel: an in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996. 109:531–534.

TOOLS

Similar articles