Discomfort caused by the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) as a removable maxillary retainer

Jin-Hugh Choi; Cheol-Hyun Moon

doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.325

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Choi and Moon: Discomfort caused by the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) as a removable maxillary retainer

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2010; 40(5): 325-333.

Published online: 31 October 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.325

Discomfort caused by the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) as a removable maxillary retainer

Jin-Hugh Choi, DDS, MSD, PhD^a, Cheol-Hyun Moon, DDS, MSD, PhD^b

^aAssistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

^bProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, Gachon University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jin-Hugh Choi. Department of Orthodontics, Chung-Ang University Yongsan Hospital, 65-207 Hangangno 3-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-757, Korea. +82 2 748 9846; profchoi@cau.ac.kr

Received 3 May 2010 Revised 17 May 2010 Accepted 1 June 2010

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to illustrate the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) as a removable maxillary retainer with good potential patient compliance and to evaluate the discomfort of the retainers including distorted speech, gagging sensation and appliance discomfort.

Methods

Sixty-six orthodontic patients (male, 23; female, 43; mean age, 23.42 ± 10.19 years) who received orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned to two groups after debonding, a conventional wraparound retainer (CWR) group that fully covers the palate with an acrylic plate and a highly polished surface, and a circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) group which has a horseshoe shaped base plate with three folds on the anterior region. A questionnaire that had a visual analog scale (VAS) which consists of a 100-mm horizontal line with 2 end-points labeled "no discomfort" on the left and "worst discomfort" on the right, with regard to distorted speech, gagging sensation and discomfort, was administered to patients after 4 weeks of retainer wear. The Mann-Whitney test was used to test the hypothesis that there was no difference between the two retainers.

Results

Comparing distorted speech and discomfort, the CCR group significantly had lower values than the CWR group (p < 0.05). Comparing gagging sensation, the CCR group had lower values than the CWR group but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.146).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results suggest that the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) might facilitate patient compliance and thereby improve the maintenance of the fixed orthodontic treatment outcome.

Keywords: Removable retainer, Distorted speech, Discomfort, Patient compliance

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Removable maxillary retainers used in this study. A, The conventional wraparound retainer (CWR) that fully covers the palate with an acrylic plate and highly polished surface. B, The circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR) with a horseshoe shaped base plate that is as narrow as possible and minimizes discomfort.

Fig. 2

The formation of anatomic rugae with a rough surface on the anterior region of the base plate.

Fig. 3

The base plate is trimmed only on the mesiolingual surfaces of the first and second molars to permit closure of the band spaces by physiologic migration.

Fig. 4

U-loops at canine regions for correction of anterior tooth rotation and the reopened spaces and no soldered joint on the last molars.

Fig. 5

Questionnaire used in this study.

Fig. 6

Boxplots based on the median, quartiles, and extreme values for comparisons of discomforts between the conventional wraparound retainer (CWR) and the circumferential comfortable retainer (CCR). ^*, ^°: Outliers.

Table 1

Mean age and sex distribution of subjects

SD, Standard deviation; CWR, conventional wraparound retainer; CCR, circumferential comfortable retainer.

Table 2

Comparison of the discomforts felt between the conventional wraparound retainer and the circumferential comfortable retainer

SD, Standard deviation; CWR, conventional wraparound retainer; CCR, circumferential comfortable retainer; ^*p < 0.05, obtained from Mann-Whitney test.

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