Effect of remineralization and inhibition to demineralization after fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste application on stripped enamel

Hyun-Sil Hong; Ho-Young Kim; Ji-Young Sung; Jin-Hyoung Cho; Sang-Cheol Kim

doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.4.212

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Hong, Kim, Sung, Cho, and Kim: Effect of remineralization and inhibition to demineralization after fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste application on stripped enamel

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2010; 40(4): 212-226.

Published online: 26 August 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2010.40.4.212

Effect of remineralization and inhibition to demineralization after fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste application on stripped enamel

Hyun-Sil Hong, DDS, MSD^a, Ho-Young Kim, DDS, MSD^a, Ji-Young Sung, DDS, MSD^b, Jin-Hyoung Cho, DDS, MSD, PhD^c, Sang-Cheol Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^d

^aGraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Korea.

^bResident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Korea.

^cAssistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Korea.

^dProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Sang-Cheol Kim. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 344-2 Shinyong-dong, Iksan 570-749, Korea. +82 63 859 2960; sangkim@wku.ac.kr.

Received 29 September 2009 Revised 26 November 2009 Accepted 2 December 2009

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of remineralization and inhibition to demineralization after fluoride gel (acidulated phosphate fluoride, APF) or hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste application on interdentally stripped teeth.

Methods

After interdental stripping, 1.23% APF or 5%, 10% HAp paste were applied for 7 days for remineralization. Afterwards, teeth were exposed to lactate carbopol buffer solution for demineralization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to compare change in surface contents and crystal structures after remineralization, and then after demineralization.

Results

EDS analysis indicated that calcium (p < 0.001) and phosphate (p < 0.01) contents were increased after 10% HAp paste application on stripped enamel, calcium (p < 0.05) and phosphate (p < 0.01) contents were increased after 5% HAp paste application, and fluoride (p < 0.01) contents were increased after 1.23% APF application. SEM image showed that enamel surfaces became smoother and crystal structures became small and compact after APF or HAp application. After demineralization, calcium (p < 0.05) and phosphate (p < 0.05) contents remained increased on the enamel remineralized with 10% HAp paste, and phosphate (p < 0.05) contents remained increased on the enamel remineralized with 5% HAp paste. After demineralization, surfaces looked less destroyed in the enamel remineralized beforehand than those of the control, and small pores between crystal structures, formed by remineralization were remained.

Conclusions

Hydroxyapatite paste and fluoride gel were helpful to remineralize and inhibit deminerlization on stripped enamel.

Keywords: Enamel stripping, Remineralization, Surface contents of enamel, Crystal structure of enamel

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Surface appearance and crystal structure change of stripped enamel after 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, Stripped enamel (× 250); B, after 1.23% APF gel application on stripped enamel (× 250); C, stripped enamel (× 50 k); D, after 1.23% APF gel application on stripped enamel (× 50 k).

Fig. 2

Surface appearance and crystal structure change of stripped enamel after 5% hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste application for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, Stripped enamel (× 250); B, after 5% HAp paste application on stripped enamel (× 250); C, stripped enamel (× 50 k); D, after 5% HAp paste application on stripped enamel (× 50 k).

Fig. 3

Surface appearance and crystal structure change of stripped enamel after 10% hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste application for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, Stripped enamel (× 250); B, after 10% HAp paste application on stripped enamel (× 250); C, stripped enamel (× 50 k); D, after 10% HAp paste application on stripped enamel (× 50 k).

Fig. 4

Surface appearance and crystal structure change after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, After demineralization of stripped enamel (× 250); B, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 1.23% APF gel (× 250); C, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 3 k); D, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 1.23% APF gel (× 3 k); E, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 50 k); F, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 1.23% APF gel (× 50 k).

Fig. 5

Surface appearance and crystal structure change after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 5% hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, After demineralization of stripped enamel (× 250); B, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 5% HAp paste (× 250); C, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 3 k); D, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 5% HAp paste (× 3 k); E, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 50 k); F, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 5% HAp paste (× 50 k).

Fig. 6

Surface appearance and crystal structure change after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 10% hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste for 7 days (SEM micrograph). A, After demineralization of stripped enamel (× 250); B, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 10% HAp paste (× 250); C, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 3 k); D, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 10% HAp paste (× 3 k); E, after demineralization of stripped enamel (× 50 k); F, after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 10% HAp paste (× 50 k).

Fig. 7

Quantitative evaluation on the enamel surface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Table 1

Experimental model for remineralization

APF, Acidulated phosphate fluoride; HAp, hydroxyapatite.

Table 2

Experimental model for demineralization after remineralization

APF, Acidulated phosphate fluoride; HAp, hydroxyapatite.

Table 3

Mineral content change (weight %) of stripped enamel after 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application for 7 days

^*p < 0.01.

Table 4

Mineral content change (weight %) of stripped enamel after 5% hydroxyapatite paste application for 7 days

^*p < 0.05; ^†p < 0.01.

Table 5

Mineral content change (weight %) of stripped enamel after 10% hydroxyapatite paste application for 7 days

^*p < 0.01; ^†p < 0.001.

Table 6

Mineral content change (weight %) after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF) for 7 days

Table 7

Mineral content change (weight %) after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 5% hydroxyapatite (HAp) paste for 7 days

^*p < 0.05.

Table 8

Mineral content change (weight %) after demineralization of stripped enamel treated with 10% HAp paste for 7 days

^*p < 0.05.

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