Pharyngeal airway analysis of different craniofacial morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Yong-Il Kim; Seong-Sik Kim; Woo-Sung Son; Soo-Byung Park

doi:10.4041/kjod.2009.39.3.136

Journal List > Korean J Orthod > v.39(3) > 1043583

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Kim, Kim, Son, and Park: Pharyngeal airway analysis of different craniofacial morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2009; 39(3): 136-145.

Published online: 30 June 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2009.39.3.136

Pharyngeal airway analysis of different craniofacial morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Yong-Il Kim, DDS, MSD^a, Seong-Sik Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^b, Woo-Sung Son, DDS, MSD, PhD^c, Soo-Byung Park, DDS, MSD, PhD^c

^aFellow, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.

^bAssociate professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.

^cProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Soo-Byung Park. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 305, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 623-739, Korea. +82 51 240 7446; sbypark@pusan.ac.kr

Received 17 September 2008 Revised 16 January 2009 Accepted 21 January 2009

Abstract

Objective

CBCT has become popular for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in recent times. The 3D pharyngeal airway space needs to be analysed using a 3D diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to analyse the pharyngeal airway of different craniofacial morphology using CBCT.

Methods

The sample compromised 102 subjects divided into 3 groups (Class I, II, III) and 6 subgroups according to normal or vertical craniofacial patterns. All samples had CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea) taken for orthodontic treatment. The pharyngeal airway was assessed according to the reference planes: aa plane (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), CV₂ plane, and CV₃ plane (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra). The intergroup comparison was performed with one-way ANOVA and duncan test as a second step.

Results

The results showed the pharyngeal airway and anteroposterior width of group 2 (Class II) in aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane were significant narrower than in group 3 (Class III). There was no significant difference between vertical and normal craniofacial patterns except for the anteroposterior pharyngeal width of Group 1 (Class I) in aa plane.

Conclusions

Subjects with Class II patterns have a significantly narrower pharyngeal airway than those with Class III. However there was no difference in pharyngeal airway between vertical and normal craniofacial morphology.

Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), Pharyngeal airway, Craniofacial morphology

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

A, Reference plane (FH plane, aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane); B, measurements of pharyngeal airway width and area on the reference plane.

Fig. 2

A, Pharyngeal airway areas of subgroups (vertical and normal pattern) in aa plane; B, pharyngeal airway areas of subgroups (vertical and normal pattern) in CV₂ plane; C, pharyngeal airway areas of subgroups (vertical and normal pattern) in CV₃ plane.

Fig. 3

A, Pharyngeal airway width (apw) of subgroups (vertical and normal pattern) in aa plane; B, pharyngeal airway width (apw) of subgroups (vertical and normal pattern) in CV₃ plane.

Table 1

Measurements of skeletal growth pattern

SD, Standard deviation.

Table 2

Measurement landmarks

Table 3

Reference planes

Table 4

Means and standard deviations of area, anteroposterior width (apw) and transverse width (tsw) and results of ANOVA, followed by Duncan test

^*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01 considered statistically significant; a,b,c, the same superscripts indicate no statistically significant difference between the indicated groups (p > 0.05).

Table 5

Means and standard deviations of area (mm²), anteroposterior width (apw, mm) and transverse width (tsw, mm) according to craniofacial pattern and results of ANOVA, followed by Duncan test

^*p < 0.05, ^†p < 0.01 considered statistically significant; a,b,c, the same superscripts indicate no statistically significant difference between the indicated groups (p > 0.05).

References

1. Moss ML, Salentijn L. The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod. 1969. 55:566–577.

2. Dunn GF, Green LJ, Cunat JJ. Relationship between variation of mandibular morphology and variation of nasopharyngeal airway size in monozygotic twins. Angle Orthod. 1973. 43:129–135.

3. Kerr WJ. The nasopharynx, face height, and overbite. Angle Orthod. 1985. 55:31–36.

4. McNamara JA Jr. A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod. 1984. 86:449–469.

5. Hwang YI, Lee KH, Lee KJ, Kim SC, Cho HJ, Cheon SH, et al. Effect of airway and tongue in facial morphology of prepubertal Class I, II children. Korean J Orthod. 2008. 38:74–82.

6. Lee YS, Kim JC. A cephalometric study on the airway size according to the types of the malocclusion. Korean J Orthod. 1995. 25:19–20.

7. Son WS, Choi YS. Evaluation of hyoid bone position and airway size in Class III malocclusion. Korean J Orthod. 1996. 26:247–254.

8. Kwak SY, Kim HY, Jeon YM, Kim JG. Airway size in mlocclusions with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern. Korean J Orthod. 2003. 33:293–305.

9. Kyung SH, Park YC, Pae EK. Obstructive sleep apnea patients with the oral appliance experience pharyngeal size and shape changes in three dimensions. Angle Orthod. 2005. 75:15–22.

10. Rachmiel A, Aizenbud D, Pillar G, Srouji S, Peled M. Bilateral mandibular distraction for patients with compromised airway analyzed by three-dimensional CT. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005. 34:9–18.

11. Kim HJ, Park HS, Kwon OW. Evaluation of potency of panoramic radiography for estimating the position of maxillary impacted canines using 3D CT. Korean J Orthod. 2008. 38:265–274.

12. Jeon HJ, Park SH, Jung SH, Chun YS. Three dimensional analysis of tooth movement using different sizes of NiTi wire on NiTi scissors-bite corrector. Korean J Orthod. 2009. 39:43–53.

13. Hwang SH, Park IS, Nam KY, Kim JB, Cho YW, Suh YS, et al. Cephalometric differences in obstructive sleep apnea between obese and non-obese Korean male patients. Korean J Orthod. 2008. 38:202–213.

14. Major MP, Flores-Mir C, Major PW. Assessment of lateral cephalometric diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction: a systemic review. Am J Orthod Dentofaca Orthop. 2006. 130:700–708.

15. Jeans WD, Fernando DC, Maw AR, Leighton BC. A longitudinal study of the growth of the nasopharynx and its contents in normal children. Br J Radiol. 1981. 54:117–121.

16. Lagravère MO, Carey J, Toogood RW, Major PW. Three-dimensional accuracy of measurements made with software on cone-beam computed tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008. 134:112–116.

17. Chang HS, Baik HS. A proposal of landmarks for craniofacial analysis using three-dimensional CT imaging. Korean J Orthod. 2002. 32:313–325.

18. Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL, Howerton WB. Dosimetry of 3 CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology: CB Mercurary, NewTom 3G and i-CAT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006. 35:219–226.

19. Danforth RA, Dus I, Mah J. 3-D volume imaging for dentistry: a new dimension. J Calf Dent Assoc. 2003. 31:817–823.

20. Anegawa E, Tsuyama H, Kusakawa J. Lateral cephalometric analysis of the pharyngeal airway space affected by head posture. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008. 37:805–809.

21. de Freitas MR, Alcazar NM, Janson G, de Freitas KM, Henriques JF. Upper and lower pharyngeal airway in subjects with Class I and Class II malocclusions and different growth patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006. 130:742–745.

22. Ceylan I, Okatay H. A study on the pharyngeal size in different skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1995. 108:69–75.

23. Chen F, Terada K, Hua Y, Saito I. Effects of bimaxillary surgery and mandibular setback surgery on pharyngeal airway measurements in patients with Class III skeletal deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007. 131:372–377.

TOOLS

Similar articles