The effect of cortical punching on the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in the periodontal tissue during tooth movement in rats

Woo-Kyoung Park; Seong-Sik Kim; Soo-Byung Park; Woo-Sung Son; Yong-Deok Kim; Eun-Sook Jun; Mi-Hwa Park

doi:10.4041/kjod.2008.38.3.159

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Park, Kim, Park, Son, Kim, Jun, and Park: The effect of cortical punching on the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in the periodontal tissue during tooth movement in rats

Original Article

Korean Journal of Orthodontics

Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2008; 38(3): 159-174.

Published online: 30 June 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2008.38.3.159

The effect of cortical punching on the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in the periodontal tissue during tooth movement in rats

Woo-Kyoung Park, DDS, MSD^a, Seong-Sik Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^b,^e, Soo-Byung Park, DDS, MSD, PhD^c, Woo-Sung Son, DDS, MSD, PhD^c, Yong-Deok Kim, DDS, MSD, PhD^d, Eun-Sook Jun, MSD, PhD^e, Mi-Hwa Park^e

^aPostgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^bAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^cProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^dAssociate Professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Korea.

^eResearch Scientist, Medical Science Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Korea.

Corresponding author: Seong-Sik Kim. Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10, Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea. +82 51 240 7443; softid@pusan.ac.kr

Received 12 February 2007 Revised 26 March 2008 Accepted 28 March 2008

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cortical punching could stimulate the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL during tooth movement by immunohistochemistry.

Methods

34 sprague-dawley rats (15 weeks old) were allocated into 3 groups: TMC group (experimental group; Tooth Movement with Corticotomy, n = 16), TM group (control group; Tooth Movement only group, n = 16), and non-treatment group (n = 2). 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors by inserting elastic bands. The duration of force application was 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. A microscrew (diameter 1.2 mm) was used for cortical punching of the palatal side of the upper incisors in the TMC group.

Results

Distributions of OPG, RANK, and RANKL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. OPG, RANK and RANKL were observed on experimental and control groups. On the compression side, the degree of the expression of OPG decreased in both groups. The expression of RANK was most prominent in the experimental group of day 4. The expression of RANKL was most intensive and extensive in the experimental group of day 7. However, the expression of OPG was decreased in the experimental and control groups compared to the non treatment group. The expression of OPG, RANK and RANKL after force application were decreased at day 14.

Conclusions

These findings suggested that cortical punching might stimulate remodeling of alveolar bone during a 2 week period of tooth movement without any pathologic change.

Keywords: Cortical punching, OPG, RANK, RANKL

Figures and Tables

Fig 1. A-D

OPG immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs. (Horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On the tension side, OPG expression increased from day 1 in both TMC and TM groups.

Fig 1. E-H

Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 1. I-L

Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. L, Bar = 100µm.

Fig 1. M-P

Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, OPG. OPG positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 2. A-D

RANK-immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs (horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), and tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On pressure side, RANK appeared associated with osteoclasts and peridontal ligament cells in both TMC and TM groups. On day 4, RANK expression on the compression side of TMC group was greater than that of TM group.

Fig 2. E-H

Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 2. I-L

Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 2. M-P

Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANK. RANK positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 3. A-D

RANKL immunohistochemical staining photomicrographs of experimental and control groups (horizontal section, 4µm thick, original magnification × 400). Compression side of TMC group on day 1 (A), tension side of TMC group on day 1 (B), compression side of TM group on day 1 (C), and tension side of TM group on day 1 (D). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm. On the compression side, RANKL appeared associated with osteoclasts, periodontal ligment cells and perivascular cells in both TMC and TM groups. On the compression side, RANKL expression of TMC group was more intensive and extensive than that of TM group on day 7.

Fig 3. E-H

Compression side of TMC group on day 4 (E), tension side of TMC group on day 4 (F), compression side of TM group on day 4 (G), and tension side of TM group on day 4 (H). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 3. I-L

Compression side of TMC group on day 7 (I), tension side of TMC group on day 7 (J), compression side of TM group on day 7 (K), and tension side of TM group on day 7 (L). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Fig 3. M-P

Compression side of TMC group on day 14 (M), tension side of TMC group on day 14 (N), compression side of TM group on day 14 (O), and tension side of TM group on day 14 (P). Alv means alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament. Black triangle head indicates osteoclast; black diamond head, osteoblast; black arrow, RANKL. RANKL positive signals appear as a red color. Bar = 100µm.

Table 1

OPG expression after movement of teeth

TMC, tooth movement with corticotomy; TM, tooth movement only.

Table 2

RANK expression after movement of teeth

Table 3

RANKL expression after movement of teeth

Notes

This study was supported by the Pusan Orthodontic Society Research and Education Fund.

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