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Abstract
Materials and Methods:
We measured 88 tali from 44 cadavers that have been donated between December 2012 and December 2015. Of the cadavers, 27 were male and 17 were female. Their mean age was 73 years. The length and width of the talus were measured using a digital goniometer and vernier caliper.
Results:
The values of cadaveric measurement, mean maximal width and length, width and length of the dome anterior, width and length of the posterior facet, height and length of the trochlear medial facet, and height and length of the trochlear lateral facet were 43.6±2.6 mm, 56.5±3.3 mm, 32.5±2.0 mm, 42.2±2.7 mm, 22.2±2.2 mm, 34.7±2.0 mm, 15.3±1.3 mm, 33.3±2.9 mm, 25.3±3.3 mm, and 30.8±2.4 mm for men and 38.9±1.6 mm, 53.6±2.4 mm, 27.9±2.1 mm, 37.4±3.2 mm, 20.6±0.8 mm, 31.9±1.2 mm, 13.6±2.6 mm, 28.4±2.5 mm, 24.9±2.1 mm, and 28.9±1.4 mm for women, respectively. The size of the talus showed an accuracy of 86% when anteroposterior diameter was greater than 59 mm. A difference in the size of the right and left talus was not observed. The mean inclination and declination angles were 24.4°±4.2° and 28.2°±5.4° for men, and 24.6°±3.6° and 24.7°±6.7° for women (p=0.980, p=0.018), respectively, at least 15°, which showed a big difference for every object up to 37°.
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Figure 1.
Actual measurement of total width (longitudinal length from lateral process to talus head) and total length (longitudinal length from talus head to lateral tubercle) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 2.
Actual measurement of anterior width (longitudinal length from medial edge of talar dome to lateral edge of talar dome surface at the highest) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge of talar dome to posterior edge of talar dome surface) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 3.
Actual measurement of posterior facet width (longitudinal length from medial edge to lateral edge of posterior facet at posterior calcaneal articular facet surface) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge to posterior edge of posterior facet at posterior calcaneal articular facet surface) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 4.
(A, B) Actual measurement of head for navicular width (longitudinal length from medial edge of talar head to lateral edge of talar head) and length (longitudinal length from superior edge of talar head to inferior edge of talar head) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 5.
Actual measurement of anterior facet width (longitudinal length from anterior edge of anterior calcaneal articular facet to posterior edge of anterior calcaneal articular facet) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge of anterior calcaneal articular facet to posterior edge of anterior calcaneal articular facet) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 6.
Actual measurement of middle facet width (longitudinal length from medial edge of middle calcaneal articular facet to lateral edge of middle calcaneal articular facet) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge of middle calcaneal articular facet to posterior edge of middle calcaneal articular facet) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 7.
Actual measurement of trochlear medial facet height (longitudinal length from inferior edge of trochlear for medial malleolus to superior edge of trochlear for medial malleolus) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge of trochlear for medial malleolus to posterior edge of trochlear for medial malleolus) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 8.
Actual measurement of trochlear lateral facet height (longitudinal length from inferior edge of trochlear for lateral malleolus to superior edge of trochlear for lateral malleolus) and length (longitudinal length from anterior edge of trochlear for lateral malleolus to posterior edge of trochlear for lateral malleolus) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 9.
Actual measurement of inclination angle (γ; angle of between longitudinal line [α] of medial trochlear and perpendicular line of talar head [β]) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 10.
Actual measurement of declination angle (γ; angle of between longitudinal line of superior trochlear [α] and longitudinal line of talar neck [β]) of talus in cadaver.
Figure 11.
(A) Actual measurements of talus were done in cadaver by vernier calipers (Mitutoyo Philosophy, Kawasaki, Japan). (B) Actual measurements of talus were done in cadaver by digital goniometer (Bluebird, Seoul, Korea).
Table 1.
Comparison Measurements between Male and Female
Table 2.
Comparison Measurements in Males between Left Talus and Right Talus
Table 3.
Comparison Measurements in Females between Left Talus and Right Talus
Table 4.
Interclass and Intracla Measurements
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