Clinical application of oral rehydration solution

Jee Hyun Lee

doi:10.5124/jkma.2012.55.6.525

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Lee: Clinical application of oral rehydration solution

Focused Issue of This Month

Diarrheal Disease in Children

Journal of the Korean Medical Association

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2012; 55(6): 525-531.

Published online: 14 June 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.6.525

Clinical application of oral rehydration solution

Jee Hyun Lee, MD

Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jee Hyun Lee, izzih@medimail.co.kr

Received 7 March 2012 Accepted 21 March 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The administration of oral rehydration solution (ORS) has rescued the lives of people with diarrhea. Although diarrhea mortality rates have dropped by 75% from 1980 to 2008 in worldwide, diarrhea continues to be a major cause of child death, especially in children younger than 5 years. The clinical application of the standard WHO-ORS in large-scale campaigns resulted in decreased mortality associated with acute diarrheal disease in children. Many clinical trials on variants of ORS such as hypo-osmolar solutions, rice-based solutions, zinc supplementation, and the addition on other advantageous substances have been performed to improve outcomes of diarrheal treatment. This paper reviews the pathophysiologic base and history of ORS, composition of ORS, and its clinical use for acute diarrhea and other intestinal diseases.

Keywords: Oral rehydration solution, Acute diarrhea, Child

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Composition of ORSs

ORS, oral rehydration solution; WHO, World Health Organization.

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