Current and future options for myopia correction

Dong-Jin Chang; Choun-Ki Joo

doi:10.5124/jkma.2012.55.4.362

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Chang and Joo: Current and future options for myopia correction

Continuing Education Column

Journal of the Korean Medical Association

Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2012; 55(4): 362-370.

Published online: 13 April 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2012.55.4.362

Current and future options for myopia correction

Dong-Jin Chang, MD, Choun-Ki Joo, MD

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Choun-Ki Joo, ckjoo@catholic.ac.kr

Received 5 March 2012 Accepted 19 March 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Myopia is a major public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time in Korea. The main treatment options of myopia correction are spectacle lenses, contact lenses, refractive surgeries such as photorefractive keratec-tomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), phakic intraocular lenses and clear lens extraction. Each treatment option has its own indications and contraindications, and not only has some advantages over the others but also some disadvantages. The evidence shows that most therapies for myopia have stable and safe results, although some do not. Customized therapy, real time tracking and sensing, and femtosecond laser-assisted surgeries might be ubiquitous in the near future. This review will discuss current treatment options for myopia and will introduce possible future therapies.

Keywords: Myopia, Myopia correction, Refractive surgical procedures, Femtosecond laser

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

(A) Cross-section of reverse geometry lens. (B) Fluorescein pattern of reverse geometry lens.

Figure 2

(A) Radial keratotomy scars on the human eye. (B) Epikeratophakia demonstrating a layer of corneal lenticule tissue over the host cornea. (C) Intrastromal corneal ring segments in the corneal stroma.

Figure 3

(A) Photorefractive keratectomy. After removal of the corneal epithelium, the excimer laser is used to reprofile the anterior curvature of the cornea, which changes its refractive power. (B) Laser-assisted stromal in situ keratomileusis. The flap, with its intact epithelium, is folded back, and as it drapes over the modified stromal surface.

Figure 4

Corneal flap creation with femtosecond laser (courtesy of Abbott Medical Optics).

Figure 5

Phakic intraocular lenses. (A) Verisyse (courtesy of Ophtec). (B) Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (courtesy of STAAR Surgical Co.).

Figure 6

Schematic representation of femtosecond laser assited small incision lenticule extraction. (A) Lentcule and incision site generated with femtosecond laser. (B) The letincule being pulled out via the incision site.

Table 1

Possible complications after phakic intraocular lens implantation related to the ocular tissues

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