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Abstract
In 2009, obesity affected 32% of the adult population of Korea. Obesity is associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Weight reduction reduces health risks associated with chronic diseases and is therefore encouraged by the Korean health plan 2020. Aerobic activities should be performed in periods of at least 10 minutes and, ideally, should be performed five or more days a week. Evidence supports moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) for 150 and 250 min/wk to be effective in preventing weight gain. Moderate-intensity PA between 150 and 250 min/wk will provide only modest weight loss. Greater amounts of PA (>250 min/wk) have been associated with clinically significant weight loss and weight maintenance after weight loss. Moderate-intensity PA between 150 and 250 min/wk will improve weight loss in studies that use moderate diet restriction, but not severe diet restriction. Resistance training does not enhance weight loss, but may increase fat-free mass and increase loss of fat mass, and is associated with reductions in health risk. Existing evidence indicates that endurance PA or resistance training without weight loss reduces health risk. All adults including obese people should also perform muscle-strengthening activities two or more days a week. Experts in sports medicine should participate in creating the Korean guidelines for physical activity and clinical services for patients with obesity.
Figures and Tables
Table 1
The trends in the practice rates of physical activity
From Koran national health & nutrition examination survey [6].
Table 2
Classification of overweight and obesity by body mass index (BMI), weight circumference, and associated disease risks in Koreansa)
a)The risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease is low in the underweight individuals, but the risk of other clinical problems is increased.
From O'Donovan G, et al. J Sports Sci 2010;28:573-591, with permission from Taylor & Francis [3].
Table 3
Evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity and reduced risk of chronic disease, according to Hill's (1965) criteria
+Moderate evidence. ++Strong evidence, +++Very strong evidence. 'Very strong' strength of association refers to a two-fold increase in risk associated with inactivity after adjustment for confounding variables.
a)Evidence refers to the incidence of advanced prostate cancer observed in large cohort studies.
From O'Donovan G, et al. J Sports Sci 2010;28:573-591, with permission from Taylor & Francis [3].
Table 4
MET equivalents of common physical activities classified as light, moderate or vigorous intensity
MET, metabolic equivalent.
a)On flat, hard surface; b) MET values can vary substantially from person to person during swimming as a result of different strokes and skill levels.
From Ainsworth BE, et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(9 Suppl):S498-S504, with permission from American College of Sports Medicine [7].
Table 5
Level of evidence for evidence statements
PA, physical activity; RMR, resting metabolic rate; RT, resistance training; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a) Levels of evidence (LOE) for individual class assignments. A, data derived from multiple randomized clinical trials; B, data derived from a single randomized trial or from nonrandomized studies; C, Consensus opinion of experts.
From Donnelly JE, et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41:459-471, with permission from American College of Sports Medicine [5].
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