National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) is established in Dec, 2008 to implement evidence-based healthcare system in Korea. Transition from management-based to evidence-based system is expected. Evidence will be evaluated in terms of efficacy and toxicity as well as social values. It can be considered as an 'essential' health technology in case of good evidence and high social values, but it will be 'optional' with low social values in spite of good evidence. Conditional coverage with evidence development program will help to accept new technology in case of insufficient evidence despite high social values.