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Abstract
Ultrasound is the most important diagnostic modality in modern obstetrics. Theoretically, it may induce adverse effects in fetuses by either thermal or non-thermal effects. Hyperthermia is a recognized teratogen in animals. However, no confirmed bioeffects caused by exposure at intensities of present diagnostic ultrasound have ever been reported in human fetuses and the benefits of ultrasound overweigh the possible adverse bioeffects. The knowledge and skills of the users are a major determinant of the risk/benefit implications of the use of ultrasound. All users should understand the possible potential risks and receive specialized training in fetal ultrasound imaging. Recently, the use of new modalities such as Doppler and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has increased. There are few studies regarding the safety of 3D ultrasound despite rapidly increasing medical and commercial use. It is unacceptable to perform the ultrasound imaging of the fetus for non-medical purposes.
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