Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men older than the middle age, and is a pathologic process that contributes to lower urinary tract symptoms in aging men. Despite the significantly different proportion of men with moderate to severe symptoms, a clear trend toward an increase in symptom scores with advancing age is noticeable. Complications of LUTS and BPH, such as urinary tract infections, bladder decompensation, bladder stones, hematuria, urinary incontinence, upper urinary tract deterioration with renal insufficiency, and others are in general rare in properly supervised patients. Medical therapies investigated for BPH include α-adrenergic blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, combination, aromatase inhibitors, and numerous plant extracts. Medical therapy is now the usual first-line management of uncomplicated BPH with either an α-adrenergic blocker or (if the prostate is large) a 5α-reductase inhibitor. Combination therapy with both an α-adrenergic blocker and a 5α-reductase inhibitor has been demonstrated to be the most effective means of preventing disease progression.