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Abstract
Complementary Therapy for Improvement of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. As a results of reviews of database for effects of complementary therapies for improvement of Quality of Life on cancer patients, there were 8 mind?body therapies, 2 manual based therapies, 17 biologic based therapies(3 vitamin or minerals, 6 health nutrient products, 8 herbs). There were relative much more proportional studies of mind?body therapies and manual based therapies for quality of life of cancer. It were reported much more positive results in cognitive behavioral therapy, meditation, art therapy, music therapy, yoga included to mind-body therapies also it were reported much more positive result in massage & acupressure included to manual based therapies. And then these findings can be considered to us clinical application of these therapies by additional studies. On the other hand, the amount of study for quality of life of cancer in biologic based therapies was relatively more smaller than mind?body therapies and the results were contrary to each other. The mistletoe, one of the biological therapeutic products, can be considered to relatively useful material as a results of this review and its seems like to have positive value for further study, materials such as honey, ginseng or heat?treated ginseng, AHCCR, selenium. The others of biologic based therapies were inconclusive due to relatively small amounts of studies or revealed negative conclusion or negative tendency by their studies. The high usual rate of complementary therapy in cancer patients in Korea is applying the screw to us study for complementary medicine and is producing needs of complementary closed co?works or cooperation between the citizens, the government, medical doctors for high quality study.
References
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Table 1.
Summary of studies of mind body therapy and manual therapy for cancer QoL
| Therapy | Study design* | Quality† | Cancer type | Target variable | Effect direction | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acupressure | 2RCT* | 1+ | breast ca | CTx induced N/V | positive | p6 acupressure |
| Art therapy | 2RCT | 1++ | various cancer |
QoL Psychosocial distress, depression, anxiety |
positive | 1RCT: combined with meditation |
| Biofeedback | 1RCT | 1++ | prostatic cancer | postop urinary incontinence | negative | similar effect size compaired with conventional Tx |
| Cognitive behavioral therapy | 5SR 24RCT | 1+ ∼ 1++ | + various cancer |
1.QoL 2. pain 3. Sx severity 4. immune function 5. depression, anxiety |
1∼4: positive 5: negative |
|
| Massage |
1SR 6RCT |
1+ ∼ 1++ | + various cancer |
1. CTx induce N/V 2. lymph edema 3. pain 4. anxiety 5. QoL 6. depression |
1∼4: positive 5∼6: negative |
anxiety: at least short term effect |
| Mindfulness meditation | 1SR 2RCT 1COH 3CBA | 2- ∼ 1+ | various cancer | QoL stress mood state | positive | generally low quality studies |
| Music therapy | 2SR | 1+ ∼ 1++ | + various adult & pediatric cancer |
1. pain 2. Post OP opoid dose 3. psycho, physiologic Sx |
1,3: positiv 2. positive, low effect size |
no sig. difference between simple music & music therapy |
| Qigong |
1SR 1CBA |
2++ 2- | various cancer |
QoL CTx side effects |
positive | not high quality studies included in SR |
| Tai Chi | 1SR | 1++ | breast cancer |
QoL physical perfomance |
negative | similar effect size compaired with walking exercise |
| Yoga | 3RCT | 1+ ∼ 1++ | + breast cancer lymphoma |
1. QoL 2. sleep 3. N/V 4. anxity, depression, fatigue |
1∼3: positi 4: negative |
* RCT: randomized control trial, SR: systematic review, COH; cohort study, CBA: controlled before and after study, BA: noncontrolled before and after study
† evidence: levels of evidence by SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network)
1++ High?quality meta?analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias
1+ Well?conducted meta?analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a low risk of bias
1- Meta?analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a high risk of biasa
2++ High?quality systematic reviews of case?control or cohort studies. High?quality case?control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding, bias or chance and a high probability that the relationship is causal
2+ Well?conducted case?control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding, bias or chance and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal
2- Case?control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding, bias, or chance and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal
Table 2.
Summary of studies of natural health products & vitamin & minerals for cancer QoL
| Therapy | Study design* | Evidence† | Cancer type | Target variable | Effect direction | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agaricus | 1RCT | 1- | gynecologic cancer | NK cell, CTx side effects | all positive | |
| AHCC | 2RCT | 1+ | hepatoma, prostatic cancer | QoL, pain | positive | |
| Aloae | 2 SR | 1+ | pediatic cancer breast cancer head & neck cancer | RTx induced dermatitis or mucositis prevention | negative | |
| Aromatherap | py 1RCT | 1++ | various cancer | Depression Anxiety | all negative | |
| Astragalus | 2 SR | 1+ ∼ 1++ | colon cancer lung cancer | Physical activity or Cx improve | positive | combined several herbal effect with astragalus |
| Cranberry | 1RCT | 1+ | prostatic cancer | RTx induced urologic Sx (IPSS) | negative | |
| Enzyme therapy | RCT | 1++ | breast cancer | lymphatic edema | all negative | lowered tension & CRP |
| Ginseng | 1RCT, 1CO | OH 1+ ∼ 2++ | various cancer breast cancer | QoL | positive | |
| Honey | 2RCT | 1+ 1- | head & neck cancer breast cancer | RTx induced mucositis RTx induced dermatitis | positive | |
| Lycopen | BA | 2+ | prostate cancer | QoL | positive | improvement of performance, urinary tract Sx, bone pain |
| Mistletoe | 1SR | 1++ | various cancer | QoL CTx side effects | all positive | |
| Multivitamin | RCT | 1+ | breast cancer | fatigue d/t RTx | negative | |
| Omega 3 | 2SR 2RCT | 1- ∼ 1++ 1+ ∼ 1++ | various cancer | Cachexia | negative | partially weight gain effect |
| Selenium | SR** | 1+ | various cancer breast cancer | infection diarrhea d/t RTx | positive | |
| Shark | RCT | 1+ | colon & breast cancer | r QoL | negative | |
| Soy | 2RCT 1RCT | 1- ∼ 1++ 1++ | breast cancer | 2 Facial flushing menopausal Sx | all negative | |
| Zinc | 2RCT* | 1- | head & neck cancer | appititis after RT | negative | low quality studies |
* RCT: randomized control trial, SR: systematic review, COH; cohort study, CBA: controlled before and after study, BA: noncontrolled before and after study
† evidence: levels of evidence by SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network)
1++ High-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias
1+ Well-conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a low risk of bias
1- Meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a high risk of biasa
2++ High-quality systematic reviews of case-control or cohort studies. High-quality case-control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding, bias or chance and a high probability that the relationship is causal
2+ Well-conducted case-control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding, bias or chance and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal
2- Case-control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding, bias, or chance and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal
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