PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
The major causes of female infertility include ovulatory dysfunction, tubal and peritoneal pathology, uterine pathology, and unexplained factors. For the diagnosis of the underlying cause(s) of female infertility, menstrual history taking, basal body temperature recording, hysterosalphingography, endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy are clinically useful diagnostic procedures. At present, postcoital test is not a proven valid diagnostic tool in a clinical setting.
Figures and Tables
References
1. Katz DF, Slade DA, Nakajima ST. Analysis of pre-ovulatory changes in cervical mucus hydration and sperm penetrability. Adv Contracept. 1997. 13:143–151.
2. Homer HA, Li TC, Cooke ID. The septate uterus: a review of management and reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril. 2000. 73:1–14.
3. Check JH, Choe JK, Lee G, Dietterich C. The effect on IVF outcome of small intramural fibroids not compressing the uterine cavity as determined by a prospective matched control study. Hum Reprod. 2002. 17:1244–1248.
4. Al-Inany H. Intrauterine adhesions. An update. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001. 80:986–993.
5. Perez-Medina T, Bajo-Arenas J, Salazar F, Redondo T, Sanfrutos L, Alvarez P, et al. Endometrial polyps and their implication in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: a prospective, randomized study. Hum Reprod. 2005. 20:1632–1635.
6. Mastrominas M, Pistofidis GA, Dimitropoulos K. Fertility Outcome after Outpatient Hysteroscopic Removal of Endometrial Polyps and Submucous Fibroids. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 1996. 3:S29.
7. Polisseni F, Bambirra EA, Camargos AF. Detection of chronic endometritis by diagnostic hysteroscopy in asymptomatic infertile patients. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2003. 55:205–210.
8. Miller JH, Weinberg RK, Canino NL, Klein NA, Soules MR. The pattern of infertility diagnoses in women of advanced reproductive age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999. 181:952–957.
9. Pavletic AJ, Wolner-Hanssen P, Paavonen J, Hawes SE, Eschenbach DA. Infertility following pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1999. 7:145–152.
10. Isaksson R, Tiitinen A. Present concept of unexplained infertility. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004. 18:278–290.
11. Collins JA, Burrows EA, Wilan AR. The prognosis for live birth among untreated infertile couples. Fertil Steril. 1995. 64:22–28.
12. Wathen NC, Perry L, Lilford RJ, Chard T. Interpretation of single progesterone measurement in diagnosis of anovulation and defective luteal phase: observations on analysis of the normal range. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984. 288:7–9.
13. Jordan J, Craig K, Clifton DK, Soules MR. Luteal phase defect: the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods in common clinical use. Fertil Steril. 1994. 62:54–62.
14. Duggan MA, Brashert P, Ostor A, Scurry J, Billson V, Kneafsey P, Difrancesco L. The accuracy and interobserver reproducibility of endometrial dating. Pathology. 2001. 33:292–297.
15. Preutthipan S, Linasmita V. A prospective comparative study between hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine pathology in patients with infertility. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2003. 29:33–37.
16. Soares SR, Barbosa dos Reis MM, Camargos AF. Diagnostic accuracy of sonohysterography, transvaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography in patients with uterine cavity diseases. Fertil Steril. 2000. 73:406–411.
17. Lindheim SR, Kavic S, Shulman SV, Sauer MV. Operative hysteroscopy in the office setting. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2000. 7:65–69.
XML Download