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Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm affecting women worldwide, with a high rate of mortality throughout the world. Since epidemiologic, biologic, and genetic data have identified a consistent association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with cervical cancer development, many researchers have worked on the development of HPV vaccine to establish an efficient program to manage cervical carcinoma in developed countries. Therefore, the aims of this study are to overview the current status of vaccine and to systematically analyze the development process of HPV vaccine through a review of the literature. The basic and clinical data on HPV vaccine inside and outside the country were collected by Medline searching. Recent lines of research on the safety and efficacy of candidate prophylactic vaccines against HPV have shown very promising results with nearly 100% efficacy in preventing persistent infections and the development of cervical precancerous lesions. The variable routes of vaccine administration have been tried-nasal and oral vaccination, as well as parental injection. Recently, clinical trials involving a large population and multi-institutions are ongoing, and also clinical trials are expected in Korea. Although the results of previous HPV vaccine studies are invariably encouraging, several drawbacks need to be addressed. Because the genotype of HPV is regionally different, Korean-specific vaccine needs to be developed, and there are many unsolved problems regarding, for example, the booster injection, optimal timing of vaccination, and vaccination in men.
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