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Kim and Song: Morphometric Study of Cricoid Cartilage in Korean
Original Article

Korean J Phys Anthropol 2017;30(1):15-20.

Published online: 20 January 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2017.30.1.15

Morphometric Study of Cricoid Cartilage in Korean

Ik Sung Kim, Chang Ho Song

Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University

Correspondence to: Chang Ho Song (Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School) E-mail: asch@jbnu.ac.kr

Copyright © 2017 Korean Association of Physical Anthropologists

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study is aimed to measure the morphology of Korean cricoid cartilages. A total of 48 – 33 males and 15 females – cadavers were used in this study. When it comes to their average age, males were 70 years old (50 to 91 years old), and females were 74 years old (47 to 92 years old). For this study, anteroposterior diameter and transverse diameter of superior side, anteroposterior diameter of inferior side, height of arch and lamina, anterior and posterior thickness of cricoid cartilages were measured. Anteroposterior diameters of superior and inferior cricoid cartilage were 28.5, 18.78 mm in male, and 23.85, 15.97 mm in female, respectively. And transverse diameters of superior side were 17.19 mm in male and 13.36 mm in female. Heights of arch and lamina were 7.10, 22.33 mm in male and 5.72, 20.10 mm in female, respectively. Thickness of anterior arch and posterior lamina were 2.57, 2.83 mm in male and 2.22, 2.42 mm in female, respectively. As a result, most Korean male measurements were significantly longer than female measurements except the anterior and posterior thickness of cricoid cartilages. Moreover the majority of measurements were shorter than Nigerians or Europeans. However, they were very similar to American Indians' measurements. In conclusion this study stated above can be a valuable foundation for the research of Korean cricoid cartilages' anatomic structures and morphology.

Keywords: Cadaver, Cricoid cartilage, Morphometry

References

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Fig. 1.
Measurement method of the cricoid cartilage. Anteroposterior (ⓐ-ⓑ) and transverse (ⓘ-ⓙ) diameters in superior view. Anteropos-terior diameter (ⓒ-ⓓ) in inferior view. Heights of lamina (ⓔ-ⓕ) and arch (ⓖ-ⓗ), and thicknesses of posterior (ⓚ-ⓛ) and anterior (ⓜ-ⓝ) in lateral view of cricoid cartilage.
kjpa-30-15f1.tif
Table 1.
The total data of the cricoid cartilage measurements in Korean cadavers
Gender Age Diameter (mm) Transverse diameter of superior (mm) Height (mm) Thickness (mm)
Anteroposterior of superior Anteroposterior of inferior Posterior (lamina) Anterior (arch) Anterior Posterior
Male 37 29.87 20.33 17.27 24.87 8.09 2.94 3.32
  50 28.86 20.93 18.78 17.56 8.65 1.81 2.96
  51 32.24 20.08 15.61 19.91 8.95 1.62 2.19
  51 27.66 18.55 15.15 20.33 5.58 1.92 1.67
  51 31.13 18.01 19.08 23.08 6.39 3.19 3.43
  53 21.5 11.9 12.4 22.12 7.4 2.98 2.32
  54 20.99 14.77 13.18 18.67 5.06 1.38 2.54
  55 30.26 19.72 15.55 24.72 10.31 2.55 4.24
  59 30.88 19.65 19.59 24.52 7.02 1.49 2.29
  59 31.67 17.82 15.7 24.94 5.53 1.98 2.75
  59 29.61 21.54 17.5 22.06 7.01 2.64 4.01
  60 28.27 17.9 17.15 22.18 6.31 3.57 2.95
  62 32.71 23.22 19.61 22.05 7.45 3.38 3.12
  66 27.57 21.41 16.52 23.38 7.37 2.77 3.36
  66 27.92 21.5 16.79 22.94 7.03 2.57 3.93
  67 29.58 20.01 18.82 23.18 7.42 2.04 1.88
  67 32.32 17.98 22.22 24.73 6.51 2.11 2.13
  67 27.23 21.55 16.03 26.48 9.36 3.27 3.66
  72 28.62 19.93 15.8 21.7 5.06 1.58 1.98
  76 21.22 12.42 13.09 23.22 7.54 3.84 2.76
  77 26.9 17.12 17.01 22.64 6.53 1.72 2.34
  79 26.49 20.1 18.89 21.76 9.37 3.01 3.66
  81 21.62 14.65 14.4 17.35 5.98 1.35 1.77
  83 32.24 20.15 17.76 23.34 6.71 1.77 2.28
  83 29.53 21.95 18 21.57 6.54 1.43 2.05
  85 28.62 16.65 15.74 16.52 7.06 3.12 2.55
  87 29.94 19.91 19.15 25.97 7.59 4.63 3.78
  88 31.03 16.74 20.65 24.74 7.56 3.33 2.88
  89 26.5 18.47 17.73 22.14 6.08 2.81 3.16
  91 29.66 17.97 18.1 20.06 5.29 3 2.4
  101 30.71 19.1 19.55 23.63 7.38 3.91 3.43
Female 50 20.65 15.81 12.48 20.01 4.43 2.33 2
  53 24.47 15.58 13.23 23.22 5.66 3.01 2.24
  65 21.73 13.66 13.31 18.14 6.46 1.23 2.38
  74 20.71 14.93 13.38 16.52 5.02 2.13 2.22
  76 27.57 17.79 14.5 21.99 – – 3.45
  76 23.37 16.11 12.21 19.19 4.53 2.98 3.24
  76 77 23.37 30.32 16.11 19.38 12.21 15.83 19.19 22.45 4.53 8.04 2.98 1.48 3.24 1.81
  80 22.11 16.44 13.05 19.56 6.03 2.18 2.72
  81 25.66 15.78 11.88 23.08 5.7 2.94 2.2
  82 30.61 19.71 18.13 22.97 7.1 1.87 2.47
  83 17.79 12.42 10.32 17.61 4.85 3.06 2.81
  90 24.58 16.5 12.39 18.84 6.16 2.27 2.61
  92 22.18 13.64 13.78 18.44 4.55 1.4 1.8
  92 22.21 15.87 12.58 19.32 5.83 1.98 2.02
Table 2.
Metric values of the cricoid cartilage in Korean cadavers
    Male Female P value∗
Diameter of Anteroposterior Superior 28.50±0.59 23.85±0.98 0.0001
  Inferior 18.78±0.47 15.97±0.54 0.0011
Transverse diameter of Superior   17.19±0.40 13.36±0.50 <0.0001
Hight Posterior (lamina) 22.33±0.44 20.10±0.59 0.0060
  Anterior (arch) 7.10±0.23 5.72±0.29 0.0015
Thickness Posterior 2.83±0.12 2.42±0.13 0.0623
  Anterior 2.57±0.15 2.22±0.17 0.1931

Data (mm) are mean± SEM.

∗ P value: Man vs Female

Table 3.
Comparison of cricoid cartilage dimensions.
Parameter (mm) Height of arch Height of lamina Transverse diameter of superior Anteroposterior diameter in superior Ref.
Korean 6.41 21.21 15.27 17.37 Kim IS
Western indian 6.54 21.45 18.33 19.29 Joshi, 2011
North-west indian 6.13 18.59 16.53 20.22 Harjeet, 2002
Nigerian 8.35 26.50 29.84 28.82 Ajmani, 1980
European 7.45 23.00 18.65 18.35 Maue & Dckson, 1971
Austria german – 23.10 – – Sprinzl, 1999
Nigerian 7.92 25.55 – – Ajmani, 1990
German 6.90 24.60 26.40 30.90 Eckel, 1994
North indian 6.00 22.00 17.20 19.50 Jain & Dhall, 2008
Pole 8.82 27.95 – – Zelinski, 2001
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