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Park, Kweon, and Oh: Dietary Cholesterol Intake in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI (2013–2015)
Research Article

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2017; 22(6): 520-528.

Published online: 31 December 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.6.520

Dietary Cholesterol Intake in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI (2013–2015)

Myungsook Park, Sanghui Kweon, Kyungwon Oh

Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kyungwon Oh. Division of Health and Nutrition Survey, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea. Tel: (043) 719-7460, Fax: (043) 719-7527, kwoh@korea.kr

Received 24 October 2017       Revised 21 December 2017       Accepted 21 December 2017

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

(open-access):

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the study was to assess the intake of dietary cholesterol and its major food sources in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods

A total of 20,671 nationally representative sample who had 24-hour recall data from the KNHANES VI (2013–2015) was included in this study. Mean cholesterol intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans were analyzed. Intakes of cholesterol by food groups or each food were calculated to find out the major food sources for cholesterol intake in Koreans.

Results

The mean dietary cholesterol intake was 261.3 mg, which was higher in men (303.5 mg) compared to women (219.1 mg). Dietary cholesterol intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs were the highest in the 19-29 year old group. The eggs was the first major food group source for cholesterol intake in all age groups. Major food sources for cholesterol intake among Korean were egg, chicken, pork, squid and beef, which contributed 66.9% to total cholesterol intake.

Conclusions

Although the mean dietary cholesterol intake was under 300 mg, the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs was about 30% in adults. Because both the mean intake and the prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of DRIs were higher in young adult groups, the dietary cholesterol intake was expected to be increased.

Keywords: dietary cholesterol, intake, food source, KNHANES

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Intakes of energy and fat by general characteristics of the study population

kjcn-22-520-i001

1) Age-standardized using the 2005 Korea population estimates.

2) Divided into quartile categories based on monthly household income (household income / √ No. of household members) by sex and 5-year age group. Some of subjects had no income data.

Table 2

Mean intake of cholesterol (mg/day) by general characteristics of the study populatio

kjcn-22-520-i002

1) Age-standardized using the 2005 Korea population estimates.

2) Divided into quartile categories based on monthly household income (household income / √ No. of household members) by sex and 5-year age group. Some of subjects had no income data.

3) Mean intake of cholesterol was significantly different according to sex, age group or income (p<0.05).

Table 3

Prevalence of subjects with cholesterol intake over the Intake Goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (%)

kjcn-22-520-i003

1) Age-standardized using the 2005 Korea population estimates.

2) Divided into quartile categories based on monthly household income (household income / √ No. of household members) by sex and 5-year age group. Some of subjects had no income data.

3) Prevalence was significantly different according to sex, age group, region (only men) or income (p<0.05).

Table 4

Intakes of food and cholesterol by food groups1)

kjcn-22-520-i004

1) Food groups which contributed nothing to cholesterol intake were not described in this table

2) % of total cholesterol intake.

Table 5

Major food sources for cholesterol intake

kjcn-22-520-i005

1) % of total cholesterol intake.

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ORCID iDs

Kyungwon Oh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8097-6078

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