References
1. Applebaum R, Yellin AE, Weaver FA, Oberg J, Pentecost M. Role of routine arteriography in blunt lower extremity trauma. Am J Surg. 1990. 160:221–224.
2. Artico M, Cervoni L, Nucci F, Giffré R. Birthday of peripheral nervous system surgery; the contribution of Gabriele Ferrara (1543-1627). Neurosurgery. 1996. 39:380–382.
3. Atteberry LR, Dennis JW, Russo-Alesi F, Menawast SS, Lenz BJ, Frykberg ER. Changing patterns of arterial injuries associated with fractures and dislocations. J Am Coll Surg. 1996. 183:377–383.
4. Bertelli JA, Taleb M, Mira JC, dos Santos AR, Calixto JB, Kassar L. Selective restoration of sensation by peripheral nerve grafts directly implanted into the contralateral C7 dorsal root ganglion; an experimental study in rat brachial plexus. Neurosurgery. 1998. 42:125–129.
5. Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB. Birch R, Bonney G, wynn Parry CB, editors. Operating on peripheral erves. Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves. 1998. 1st ed. London: Churchill Livingstone;87–121.
6. Bishara RA, Pasch AR, Lim LT, et al. Improved results in the treatment of civilian vascular injuries associated with fractures and dislocations. J Vasc Surg. 1986. 3:707–711.
7. Colohan AR, Pitts LH, Rosegay H. Feliciano DV, Moore EE, Mattox KL, editors. Injury to the peripheral nerves. Trauma. 1996. 3rd ed. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange;853–862.
8. Cornwall R, Radomisli TE. Nerve injury in traumatic dislocation of the hip. Clin Orthop. 2000. 377:84–91.
9. DeBakey ME, Simeone FA. Battle injuries of the arteries in World War II: an analysis of 2,471 cases. Ann Surg. 1946. 123:534–579.
10. Dellon AL. Dellon AL, editor. Cortical plasticity. Somatosensory testing and rehabilitation. 2000. 1st ed. Baltimore: The Institute for Peripheral Nerve Surgery;212–243.
11. Dennis JW, Jagger C, Butcher JL, Menawat SS, Neel M, Frykberg ER. Reassessing the role of arteriograms in the management of posterior knee dislocations. J Trauma. 1993. 35:692–695.
12. Diamond S, Gaspard D, Katz S. Vascular injuries to the extremities in a suburban trauma center. Am Surg. 2003. 69:848–851.
13. Durham RM, Mistry BM, Mazuski JE, Shapiro M, Jacobs D. Outcome and utility of scoring systems in the management of the mangled extremity. Am J Surg. 1996. 172:569–573.
14. Feliciano DV, Accola KD, Burch JM, Spjut-Patrinely V. Extraanatomic bypass for peripheral arterial injuries. Am J Surg. 1989. 158:506–509.
15. Feliciano DV, Cruse PA, Spjut-Patrinely V. Fasciotomy after trauma to the extremities. Am J Surg. 1988. 156:533–536.
16. Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Graham JM, Bitondo CG. Five-year experience with PTFE grafts in vascular wounds. J Trauma. 1985. 25:71–82.
17. Floyd HD, Kerstein MD. Successful vascular reconstruction. Determinants of disability. Am Surg. 1986. 52:91–92.
18. Garg A, McQueen MM, Court-Brown CM. Nerve injury after greater tuberosity fracture dislocation. J Orthop Trauma. 2000. 14:117–118.
19. Grant GA, Goodkin R, Kliot M. Evaluation and surgical management of peripheral nerve problems. Neurosurgery. 1999. 44:825–839.
20. Helfet DL, Howey T, Sanders R, Johansen K. Limb salvage versus amputation. Preliminary results of the mangled extremity severity score. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990. 256:80–86.
21. Humphrey PW, Nichols WK, Silver D. Rural vascular trauma; a twenty-year review. Ann Vasc Surg. 1994. 8:179–185.
22. Jabaley ME. Gelberman RH, Frykman GK, Gramyk K, editors. Modified technique of nerve repair; epineural splint. Operative nerve repair and reconstruction. 1991. 1st ed. Philadelphia: J.P.Lippincott;315–326.
23. Johansen K, Daines M, Howey T, Helfet D, Hansen ST Jr. Objective criteria accurately predict amputation following lower extremity trauma. J Trauma. 1990. 30:568–573.
24. Johansen K, Lynch K, Paun M, Copass M. Non-invasive vascular tests reliably exclude occult arterial trauma in injured extremities. J Trauma. 1991. 31:515–519.
25. Kendall RW, Taylor DC, Salvian AJ, O'Brien PJ. The role of arteriography in assessing vascular injuries associated with dislocations of the knee. J Trauma. 1993. 35:875–878.
26. Khalil IM, Livingston DH. Intravascular shunts in complex lower limb trauma. J Vasc Surg. 1986. 4:582–587.
27. Kuntz C 4th, Blake L, Britz G, et al. Magnetic resonance neurography of peripheral nerve lesions in the lower extremity. Neurosurgery. 1996. 39:750–756.
28. Lynch K, Johansen K. Can Doppler pressure measurement replace "exclusion" arteriography in the diagnosis of occult extremity arterial trauma? Ann Surg. 1991. 214:737–741.
29. McNamara JJ, Brief DK, Stremple JF, Wright JK. Management of fractures with associated arterial injury in combat casualties. J Trauma. 1973. 13:17–19.
30. Miranda FE, Dennis JW, Veldenz HC, Dovgan PS, Frykberg ER. Confirmation of the safety and accuracy of physical examination in the evaluation of knee dislocation for popliteal artery injury: a prospective study. J Trauma. 2002. 52:247–252.
31. Modrall JG, Weaver FA, Yellin AE. Diagnosis and management of penetrating vascular trauma and the injured extremity. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1998. 16:129–144.
33. Nassoura ZE, Ivatury RR, Simon RJ, Jabbour N, Vinzons A, Stahl W. A reassessment of Doppler pressure indices in the detection of arterial lesions in proximity penetrating injuries of extremities: a prospective study. Am J Emerg Med. 1996. 14:151–156.
34. Norman J, Gahtan V, Franz M, Bramson R. Occult vascular injuries following gunshot wounds resulting in long bone fractures of the extremities. Am Surg. 1995. 61:146–150.
35. Omer GE, Krotoski JB. Omer , Spinner , Van Beek , editors. Sensibility testing. Management of peripheral nerve problem. 1998. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;11–28.
37. Prichayudh S, Verananvattna A, Sriussadaporn S, et al. Management of upper extremity vascular injury: outcome related to the mangled extremity severity score. World J Surg. 2009. 33:857–863.
38. Ristic S, Strauch RJ, Rosenwasser MP. The assessment and treatment of nerve dysfunction after trauma around the elbow. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000. 370:138–153.
39. Romanoff H, Goldberger S. Combined severe vascular and skeletal trauma. Management and results. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1979. 20:493–498.
40. Rorabeck CH. A practical approach to compartmental syndromes. Part III. Management. Instr Course Lect. 1983. 32:102–113.
41. Russel RC, Hussmann J, Burns M. Omer , Spinner , Van Beek , editors. Clinical motor function testing-upper extremity. Management of peripheral nerve problem. 1998. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;39–49.
42. Samardzić M, Rasulić L, Grujicić D, Milicić B. Results of nerve transfers to the musculocutaneous and axillary nerves. Neurosurgery. 2000. 46:93–101.
43. Shah DM, Leather RP, Corson JD, Karmody AM. Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in the rapid reconstruction of acute contaminated peripheral vascular injuries. Am J Surg. 1984. 148:229–233.
44. Treiman GS, Yellin AE, Weaver FA, et al. Examination of the patient with a knee dislocation. The case for selective arteriography. Arch Surg. 1992. 127:1056–1062.
45. Trumble TE. Feliciano DV, Moore EE, Mattox KL, editors. Peripheral nerve injury: pathophysiology and repair. Trauma. 2000. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;1047–1055.
46. Van Beek AL, Pirela-Cruz MA. Omer , Spinner , Van Beek , editors. Microsurgical nerve repair. Management of peripheral nerve problem. 1998. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;260–269.
47. Visser CP, Coene LN, Brand R, Tavy DL. The incidence of nerve injury in anterior dislocation of the shoulder and its influence on functional recovery. A prospective clinical and EMG study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999. 81:679–685.