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Park and Kim: The Effects of Breast Self-examination Program Enriched Environmentally among Healthy Women
Original Article
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing

Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2010; 16(2): 105-115.

Published online: 30 June 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2010.16.2.105

The Effects of Breast Self-examination Program Enriched Environmentally among Healthy Women

Kyung-Yeon Park1, So Hee Kim2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Korea.

2Part-time Instructor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Dong A University, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Kyung-Yeon, Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, San 1-1, Gwaebop-dong, Sasang-gu, Busan 617-736, Korea. Tel: 82-51-999-5461, Fax: 82-51-999-5470, kypark@silla.ac.kr

Received 11 March 2010       Accepted 12 April 2010

Copyright © 2010 Korean Academy of Women's Health Nursing

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an environmental enrichment program on barrier, benefit, confidence, and compliance of breast self-examination in women at 3 months after instruction.

Methods

Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 62 healthy women. Data were collected through the self-reported questionnaires from December 2008 to March 2009. Women were assigned to one of two treatment groups: (a) no-support of environmental enrichment with the instruction control group; (b) the support of environmental enrichment with the instruction experimental group. All women received the same instruction on breast self-examination once a week for two weeks. Data were analyzed with paired t-test, McNemar test and ANCOVAs of controlling for age run using SPSS/WIN 17.0.

Results

The experimental group was significantly lower than control group on perceived barrier (F=5.91, p=.02) and higher than control group on compliance of breast self-examination (F=4.57, p=.04) after environmental enrichment program. However the environmental enrichment program did not make significant differences on benefit (F=0.01, p=.91) and confidence (F=0.77, p=.38).

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the environmental enrichment should be needed to support women's breast self-examination and expanded for compliance of breast self-examination to promote the secondary prevention of women breast cancer.

Keywords: Environment, Breast self-examination, Barrier, Confidence, Compliance

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Research design.
Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; O1=participants' characteristics, barrier, benefit, confidence, and compliance of breast selfexamination; O2=barrier, benefit, confidence, and compliance of breast self-examination; E1, E2=education on breast self-examination, once a week for 2 weeks; X1=environmental enrichment program.
kjwhn-16-105-g001
Table 1
Test of Homogeneity of the Participants' Characteristics
kjwhn-16-105-i001

†Fisher's exact test; ‡have complianced regularly BSE once a month; Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; BSE=Breast self-examination; FHx=Family history.

Table 2
Test of Homogeneity of Perceived Barriers, Perceived Benefits and Confidence of the Participants
kjwhn-16-105-i002
Table 3
Effects of Environmental Enrichment Program on Perceived Barriers, Perceived Benefits, Confidence and Compliance of BSE
kjwhn-16-105-i003

†Paired t-test; ‡McNemar test; §Dummy coded: 1=Have complianced regularly BSE once a month; BSE=breast self-examination.

Table 4
Group Differences of Environmental Enrichment Program on Perceived Barriers, Perceived Benefits, Confidence and Compliance of BSE
kjwhn-16-105-i004

†ANCOVAs after controlling for age were used to identify group differences in mean change scores between pretest and posttest; ‡Dummy coded: 1= have complianced regularly BSE once a month; BSE=breast self-examination.

Notes

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of KOREA(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (KRF-2008-313-E00676).

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