Structural Equation Modeling on Personal Satisfaction with Life in Grandmothers Parenting Grandchildren

Moon Jeong Kim

doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.3.231

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Kim: Structural Equation Modeling on Personal Satisfaction with Life in Grandmothers Parenting Grandchildren

Original Article

Korean J Women Health Nurs 2009;15(3):231-241.

Published online: 29 September 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.3.231

Structural Equation Modeling on Personal Satisfaction with Life in Grandmothers Parenting Grandchildren

Moon Jeong Kim

Part-time Instructor, Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan

Address reprint requests to : Kim, Moon Jeong, Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan, 102 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea. Tel: 82-52-259-1235, Fax: 82-52-259-1236, E-mail: mjy7955@hanmail.net

Received 16 July 2009 Revised 6 August 2009 Accepted 4 September 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This studywas designedto construct andtest astructural equation model for life satisfaction in grandmothers who were parenting grandchildren

Methods

Grandmothers assuming part-time parenting responsibilities for grandchildren were recruited in four cities in South Korea. Theywere asked to complete a questionnaire through face to face interviews or self reports, and 248 data units were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling.

Results

Model fit indices for the final model revealeda fit at anexcellent level, andall of the 12 paths were statistically significant explaining 51% of the variance. Predictors of life satisfaction in the final model were parenting efficacy, perceived health status, parenting stress, amount of parenting, and demographic factors. The new findings of this study were as follows: First, the satisfaction with life of part-time parenting grandmothers was less than that of non-parenting grandmothers. Second, parenting stress and parenting efficacy revealed determinants to life satisfaction. Third, motivation of parenting and amount of parenting affect both parenting stress and parenting efficacy.

Conclusion

The value of parenting and the grandmother-adult children relationship quality should also be considered in developing a grandmothers' educational program, because these are the factors which strengthen parenting efficacy and alleviate parenting stress.

Keywords: Life, Personal satisfaction, Parenting

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Figure 1.

Theoretical framework of the study.

Figure 2.

Path diagram for the hypothetical model.

Figure 3.

Path diagram for the modified model.

Table 1.

Comparison of model fit between the hypothetical model and the modified model

Fit index	x²	df	p	RMSEA	GFI	TLI	CFI	Normed x²	PCFI
Hypothetical model	60.39	40	.02	.04	.97	.95	.97	1.51	.50
Modified model	55.14	46	.17	.03	.97	.98	.99	1.20	.58

RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; GFI, goodness of fit index; TLI, turker lewis index; CFI, comparative fit index; PCFI, Parsimonious comparative fit index.

Table 2.

Regression weights for the modified model

Endogenous variables	Exogenous variables	RW	SE	SRW	CR	SMC
Parenting stress	Perceived health status	-1.91	0.37	-0.37^**	-5.18	0.68
	Demographic characteristics	-1.77	0.84	-0.17^*	-2.12
	Motivation of parenting	-2.91	0.48	-0.67^**	-6.05
	Amount of parenting	0.30	0.14	0.19^*	2.17
	Perceived help from family	-1.42	0.61	-0.16^*	-2.32
Parenting efficacy	Motivation of parenting	1.79	0.28	0.65^**	6.37	0.55
Parenting efficacy	Amount of parenting	0.15	0.09	0.16^*	1.77
Life satisfaction	Perceived health status	1.80	0.45	0.32^**	4.04	0.51
	Demographic characteristics	1.54	0.82	0.14^*	1.88
	Amount of parenting	-0.36	0.12	-0.22^**	-2.93
	Parenting stress	-0.28	0.10	-0.26^**	-2.78
	Parenting efficacy	0.68	0.15	0.40^**	4.42

^* p<.05 (|t| >1.645),

^** p<.01 (|t| >2.33) (one-tailed significance).

RW, regression weights; SE, standard error; CR, critical ratio; SMC, squared multiple correlation; SRW, standardized regression weights.

Table 3.

Effect decomposition for the modified model

Endogenous variables	Exogenous variables	SDE	SIE	STE
Parenting stress	Perceived health status	-0.37		-0.37
	Demographic characteristics	-0.17		-0.17
	Motivation of parenting	-0.67		-0.67
	Amount of parenting	0.19		0.19
	Perceived help from family	-0.16		-0.16
Parenting efficacy	Motivation of parenting	0.65		0.65
Parenting efficacy	Amount of parenting	0.16		0.16
Life satisfaction	Parenting stress	-0.26^*		-0.26^*
	Parenting efficacy	0.40^**		0.40^**
	Perceived health status	0.32^**	0.10^*	0.42^**
	Demographic characteristics	0.14^*	0.05^*	0.19^*
	Perceived help from family		0.04^*	0.04^*
	Amount of parenting	-0.22^*	0.01	-0.21^**
	Motivation of parenting		0.43^**	0.43^**

^* p<.05 (|t|>1.645),

^** p<.01 (|t|>2.33) (one-tailed significance).

SDE, standardized direct effect; STE, standardized total effect; SIE, standardized indirect effect.

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