Encephalitis due to Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Yong Chan Kim; Ji Eun Park; Min Hyung Kim; Je Eun Song; Jin Young Ahn; Dong Hyun Oh; Jin Ho Kim; Seung-Hyun Lee; Jung Yoon Pyo; Yang Je Jo; Nam Su Ku; Sang Hoon Han; June Myung Kim; Jun Yong Choi

doi:10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.540

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Kim, Park, Kim, Song, Ahn, Oh, Kim, Lee, Pyo, Jo, Ku, Han, Kim, and Choi: Encephalitis due to Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Case Report

Infection & Chemotherapy

Infection & Chemotherapy 2012; 44(6): 540-543.

Published online: 31 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.540

Encephalitis due to Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Yong Chan Kim¹, Ji Eun Park¹, Min Hyung Kim¹, Je Eun Song¹, Jin Young Ahn¹, Dong Hyun Oh¹, Jin Ho Kim¹, Seung-Hyun Lee¹, Jung Yoon Pyo¹, Yang Je Jo², Nam Su Ku^1,³, Sang Hoon Han^1,³, June Myung Kim^1,³, Jun Yong Choi^1,³

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

³AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Jun Yong Choi M.D. Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2228-1974, Fax: +82-2-393-6884, SERAN@yuhs.ac

Received 27 August 2012 Revised 9 October 2012 Accepted 19 October 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Clinical presentations associated with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are various and nonspecific. Neurologic manifestations may accompany acute HIV infection. Aseptic meningitis has been described in several reports; however, acute encephalitis during acute HIV infection is rare. Some studies have suggested that antiretroviral therapy for treatment of symptomatic acute HIV infection could be beneficial, especially in severe cases. Encephalitis is life-threatening; therefore, early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy may be needed. We report on a case of encephalitis associated with acute HIV infection. The patient received early antiretroviral therapy and recovered from encephalitis without neurological sequelae.

Keywords: Acute HIV infection, Encephalitis, Antiretroviral therapy

Figures and Tables

Figure 1

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows increased T2 signal intensity involving bilateral hippocampi on hospital day 1 (A) and marked improvement on hospital day 15 (B).

Figure 2

Electroencephalograph shows continuous waxing and waning and periodic left hemispheric sharp waves with intermittent changes in frequency on hospital day 1 (A) and continuous waxing and waning and rhythmic delta activities on hospital day 15 (B).

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