Nasopharyngeal Colonization of Moraxella catarrhalis in Young Korean Children

Eun Ji Go; Hye Jin Kim; Seung Beom Han; Hyunju Lee; Kyung-Hyo Kim; Jin Han Kang

doi:10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.426

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Go, Kim, Han, Lee, Kim, and Kang: Nasopharyngeal Colonization of Moraxella catarrhalis in Young Korean Children

Original Article

Infection & Chemotherapy

Infection & Chemotherapy 2012; 44(6): 426-430.

Published online: 31 December 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2012.44.6.426

Nasopharyngeal Colonization of Moraxella catarrhalis in Young Korean Children

Eun Ji Go¹, Hye Jin Kim¹, Seung Beom Han¹, Hyunju Lee^2,^*, Kyung-Hyo Kim², Jin Han Kang¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

²Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.

Correspondence to Jin Han Kang. Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-2828, Fax: +82-2-537-4544, kjhan@catholic.ac.kr

Current affiliation:

*Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital

Received 29 June 2012 Revised 8 October 2012 Accepted 15 October 2012

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Nasopharyngeal bacterial flora can cause respiratory tract diseases as well as invasive bacterial diseases. Moraxella catarrhalis colonizing in the nasopharynx is considered an important potential pathogen with an increasing production of β-lactamase. This study examined the nasopharyngeal colonization rate of M. catarrhalis and the antibiotic susceptibility of M. catarrhalis.

Materials and Methods

Healthy children who visited one of the three University hospitals in the Republic of Korea or attended a day-care center around the participating hospitals were enrolled in this study. The nasopharyngeal samples were obtained by nasopharyngeal washing with normal saline and M. catarrhalis was isolated. The nasopharyngeal colonization rate of M. catarrhalis was investigated and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured for commonly used oral antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, erythromycin and trimethoprim).

Results

Three hundred and seventy-nine children aged between 6 months and 5 years were enrolled, and the nasopharyngeal colonization rate of M. catarrhalis was 33% (124 children). All isolated M. catarrhalis produced β-lactamase. The MIC₉₀ of the antibiotics were as follows: amoxicillin, >16 mg/L; amoxicillin/clavulanate, 0.5 mg/L; cefaclor, 8 mg/L ; cefixime, 0.125 mg/L; cefdinir, 0.25 mg/L; cefditoren, 0.25 mg/L; erythromycin, 0.5 mg/L; and trimethoprim, >16 mg/L.

Conclusions

M. catarrhalis was colonized in 33% of the children aged 6 months to 5 years, and showed low MICs for amoxicillin/clavulanate and oral 2^nd and 3^rd generation cephalosporins.

Keywords: Moraxella catarrhalis, Nasopharynx, Child, Drug resistance

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Proportions of Children with Nasopharyngeal Colonization of Moraxella catarrhalis and Those without Colonization

^aSD, standard deviation.

^bThe P -value was calculated using Mann-Whitney test.

^cThe P -value was calculated by Chi-square analysis.

Table 2

In vitro Activity of Common Oral Antibiotics against Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharyngeal Cavities of the Healthy Children

^aMIC, minimal inhibitory concentration.

^bThe breakpoint is for Haemophilus influenzae, and is recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

^cThe susceptibility was calculated based on the breakpoint for Haemophilus influenzae recommended by the CLSI.

^dNA, not available.

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