Joohyung Kim; Seong-Kyun Kim; Seong-Joo Heo; Jai-Young Koak; Woo-Sung Lee; Joo-Hee Lee; Ji-Man Park

doi:10.4047/jkap.2016.54.2.120

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Kim, Kim, Heo, Koak, Lee, Lee, and Park: An in vitro study of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on titanium discs coated with rhTGF-β2/PLGA by electrospray

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2016;54(2):120-125.

Published online: 18 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2016.54.2.120

**An in vitro study of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on titanium discs coated with rhTGF-β2/PLGA by electrospray**

Joohyung Kim¹, Seong-Kyun Kim^1,^∗, Seong-Joo Heo¹, Jai-Young Koak¹, Woo-Sung Lee¹, Joo-Hee Lee², Ji-Man Park³

^¹Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul

^²Department of Medical Science, Major in Dentistry, Ulsan University, Seoul

^³Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Seong-Kyun Kim Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea +82 2 2072 2661: e-mail, ksy0617@snu.ac.kr

Received 18 March 201629 March 2016 Accepted 30 March 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta (rhTGF-β 2) / poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) treated titanium discs by electrospray.

Materials and methods

Anodized titanium surface coated with PLGA was used for a control group to compare anodized titanium surface coated with 125 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml rhTGF-β 2 as test groups. Atomic force microscope (AFM) test was utilized to determine the difference in coating surface roughness, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was taken to visualize even distribution of coating particles on titanium discs. The mesenchymal stem cell proliferation was tested by using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay on 1st, 4th, 7th days.

Results

According to AFM results, there was no statistically significant difference in titanium discs treated with PLGA and with rhTGF-β 2/PLGA (P>.05). MTT assay test results showed that there was statistically significant difference in mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on test groups compared to control groups at 7th day, and cell viability on discs coated with rhTGF-β 2 was significantly higher than control groups (P<.05).

Conclusion

Titanium surface coated with rhTGF-β 2/PLGA shows statistically significant higher cell proliferation and the titanium surface coated with the higher concentration of rhTGF-β 2 presents faster cell growth activity. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2016;54:120-5)

Keywords: Titanium, rhTGF-β, 2, PLGA, Mesenchymal stem cells

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Fig. 1.

SEM image of anodized titanium implant coated by electrospray (×5,000). (A) Anodized Ti disc, (B) Anodized Ti disc coated with 40 ㎕rhTGF-β 2 (500 ng/ml) submicron particles by electrospray technique.

Fig. 2.

The results of surface roughness measured by AFM (10 ㎛× 10 ㎛). (A) Anodized titanium disc, (B) Anodized titanium disc coated with 40 ㎕rhTGF-β 2 (500 ng/ml per disc).

Fig. 3.

MTT assay results. The result presents that there was tendency of cell proliferation increasing by time, however; there was no statistically significant difference among groups in 1 day and 4 days. At the 7 days of cell culture, there was statistically significant difference between control groups and experimental groups (∗P<.05, ∗∗P<.05)

Table 1.

Results of surface roughness (Ra) of anodized titanium disc and 500 ng/ml TGF-β 2/PLGA coated anodized titanium disc (unit; ㎛)

Ra (surface roughness) by AFM (mean value)
Anodized disk	0.243
TGF-β 2 + PLGA coating	0.252

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