A study on the validity of reference points for edentulous patient

Jeong-Jae Park; Myung-Joo Kim

doi:10.4047/jkap.2015.53.4.310

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Park and Kim: A study on the validity of reference points for edentulous patient

Original Article

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2015;53(4):310-317.

Published online: 9 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2015.53.4.310

A study on the validity of reference points for edentulous patient

Jeong-Jae Park¹, Myung-Joo Kim^2,^∗

¹School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

²Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

^∗Corresponding Author: Myung-Joo Kim Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea +82 2 2072 0815: e-mail, silk1@snu.ac.kr

Received 25 June 201525 September 2015 Accepted 8 October 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of reference points for edentulous patient by examining the correlation of teeth and face, and intraoral anatomic landmarks.

Materials and methods

We examined a facial outline, length, bizygomatic width, nasion - gnathion length, glabella - nasion distance in 270 men and 280 women satisfied with inclusion criteria from Seoul National School of Dentistry. The shape of maxillary central incisor, mesiodistal crown width and length of maxillary 6 incisors, distance from incisive papilla to labial surface of maxillary central incisor, and perpendicular distance from incisive papilla to intercanine line were measured in the stone model. We analyzed the ratio and relevant relation statistically.

Results

The probability on having the same shape of face and the relative same shape maxillary incisor was 55.56% and 46.43% for men and women. The facial length proved to be a more valuable measurement in women in the tooth selection. The ratio of bizygomatic width to mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, and the ratio of bizygomatic width to width of maxillary 6 incisors were 16.8 : 1 and 3.0 : 1 and were positively correlated with each other. The distance of the canines from the maxillary incisal papilla was 1.33±1.28 mm. The distance between the center of the incisal papilla and the labial surface of their maxillary central incisor was 9.23±1.20 mm.

Conclusion

It was showed that anatomical reference points in tooth selection and arrangement for edentulous patient are use-ful and have validity in our limited study.

Keywords: Anatomic landmark, Facial outline, Clinical crown length & width, Correlation efficiency, Validity

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1.

Face measuring instrument.

Fig. 2.

The subject distribution on the distance from the center of incisive papilla to labial surface of maxillary central incisor.

Fig. 3.

The subject distribution on the perpendicular distance from the center of incisive papilla to intercanine line.

Fig. 4.

The subject distribution on the ratio of bizygomatic width to mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor.

Fig. 5.

The subject distribution on the ratio of bizygomatic width to combined width of maxillary 6 anterior teeth.

Fig. 6.

The subject distribution of the ratio of the facial length (trichion-gnathion) to crown length of the maxillary central incisor.

Table 1.

Actual facial measurements (Mean ± SD)

	Bizygomatic width	Nasion - Gnathion	Trichion - Gnathion	Glabella - Nasion
Men	147.37 ± 5.44	119.70 ± 5.20	201.74 ± 9.65	117.70 ± 4.55
Women	139.47 ± 5.44	112.41 ± 5.20	192.64 ± 6.91	111.41 ± 5.60
Total	143.35 ± 6.70	115.99 ± 6.33	197.11 ± 9.48	114.55 ± 5.53

Table 2.

Results of model measurements (Mean ± SD)

	I₁-W	I₂-W	C-W	I₁-L	4Inc	6Ans	ICD		IP - LS I₁	IP - IC
	I₁-W	I₂-W	C-W	I₁-L	4Inc	6Ans	tip to tip	dcp to dcp	IP - LS I₁	IP - IC
Men	8.53 ± 0.59	7.04 ± 0.82	8.18 ± 0.44	10.22 ± 0.95	31.14 ± 2.21	47.50 ± 2.73	35.50 ± 1.91	37.90 ± 1.68	9.49 ± 1.14	1.31 ± 1.32
Women	8.52 ± 0.63	6.98 ± 0.74	7.91 ± 0.50	9.81 ± 1.02	31.00 ± 2.42	46.83 ± 3.04	34.90 ± 2.31	37.58 ± 2.21	8.99 ± 1.23	1.33 ± 1.26
Total	8.52 ± 0.61	7.01 ± 0.78	8.04 ± 0.49	10.02 ± 1.00	31.07 ± 2.30	47.16 ± 2.89	35.20 ± 2.13	37.74 ± 1.96	9.23 ± 1.20	1.33 ± 1.28

I₁-W; mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, I₂-W; mesiodistal width of maxillary lateral incisor, C-W; mesiodistal width of maxillary canine, I₁-L; gingivoincisal length of maxillary central incisor, 4Inc; combined width of maxillary 4 anterior teeth, 6Ans; combined width of maxillary 6 anterior teeth, ICD (tip); intercanine distance from cusp tip to cusp tip, ICD (dcp); intercanine distance from distal contact to distal contact point, IP - LS I₁; distance from the center of incisive papilla to labial surface of maxillary central incisor, IP - IC; perpendicular distance from the center of incisive papilla to intercanine line.

Table 3.

Ratio of actual facial measurements to model measurements (Mean ± SD)

	BZW : I₁-W	BZW : 4Inc	BZW : 6Ans	N - Gn : G - N	Tr - Gn : I₁ - L
Men	17.27 ± 1.20	4.73 ± 0.37	3.10 ± 0.19	1.02 ± 0.12	19.73 ± 2.15
Women	16.37 ± 1.15	4.50 ± 0.35	2.98 ± 0.19	1.00 ± 0.18	19.62 ± 1.97
Total	16.81 ± 1.25	4.61 ± 0.38	3.04 ± 0.20	1.01 ± 0.15	19.68 ± 2.04

BZW; bizygomatic width, I₁-W; mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor, 4Inc; combined width of maxillary 4 anterior teeth, 6Ans; combined width of maxillary 6 anterior teeth, N - Gn; distance from nasion to gnathion, facial length, G - N: distance from glabella to nasion, Tr-Gn: distance from trichion to gnathion, I₁-L; cervicogingival length of maxillary central incisor.

Table 4.

Correlation coefficients

	BZW	N-Gn	Tr-Gn
Men	I₁-W 0.215	∙	∙
	4Inc 0.145	∙	∙
	6Ans 0.244	∙	∙
	I₁-L ∙		-0.144
Women	I₁-W 0.281	∙	∙
	4Inc 0.227	∙	∙
	6Ans 0.287	∙	∙
	I₁-L ∙		0.309
Total	I₁-W 0.207	∙	∙
	4Inc 0.169	∙	∙
	6Ans 0.282	∙	∙
	I₁-L ∙		0.15

Table 5A.

Comparison with other studies on mesiodistal crown width (unit: mm)

Author, ethnic group, age		Author Korean 26 - 34	Yun Korean 20 -	Kim Korean 13 - 23	Black American ∙	Yamada Japanese ∙
I₁-W	Men	8.53	8.81	8.92	9.0	8.5
	Women	8.52	8.53	8.71	9.0	8.2
I₂-W	Men	7.04	7.23	7.42	6.4	7.1
	Women	6.98	7.10	7.24	6.4	6.7
C-W	Men	8.18	8.27	8.43	7.6	7.8
	Women	7.91	7.90	8.18	7.6	7.4

Table 5B.

Comparison with other studies on the ratio of bizygomatic width to crown width

Author	Yun	Sears	House	Kern	Scandrett
BZW : I₁-W 16.8 : 1	17.0 : 1 (Np)	18 : 01	16 : 01	16 : 1 (31%)	16 : 01
BZW : I₁-W 16.8 : 1	16.4 : 1 (P)	18 : 01	16 : 01	16 : 1 (31%)	16 : 01
BZW : 4Inc 4.6 : 1	4.7 : 1 (NP)
BZW : 4Inc 4.6 : 1	4.5 : 1 (P)
BZW : 6Ans 3.0 : 1	3.1 : 1 (NP)	3.3 : 1	3.3 : 1	2.5 : 1 (55%)
BZW : 6Ans 3.0 : 1	3.0 : 1 (P)	3.3 : 1	3.3 : 1	2.5 : 1 (55%)

NP; Nonpressure state, P; Pressure state.

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