The effect of surface treatment conditioning on shear bond strength between zirconia and dental resin cements

Ji-Hye Kim; Jae-Min Seo; Seung-Geun Ahn; Ju-Mi Park; Kwang-Yeob Song

doi:10.4047/jkap.2013.51.2.73

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Kim, Seo, Ahn, Park, and Song: The effect of surface treatment conditioning on shear bond strength between zirconia and dental resin cements

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2013;51(2):73-81.

Published online: 18 December 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2013.51.2.73

The effect of surface treatment conditioning on shear bond strength between zirconia and dental resin cements

Ji-Hye Kim, MSD, DDS, PhD, Jae-Min Seo, MSD, DDS, Seung-Geun Ahn, MSD, DDS, PhD, Ju-Mi Park, MSD, DDS, PhD, Kwang-Yeob Song, MSD, DDS, PhD^∗

Department of Prosthodontics and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Kwang-Yeob Song Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 20, Geonjiro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-712, Korea +82 63 250 2024: e-mail, skydent@jbnu.ac.kr

Received 22 March 201217 July 2012 Accepted 4 February 2013

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to 3 resin cements.

Materials and methods

A total of 143 disk-shaped Zirconia blocks (HASS Co., Gangneung, Korea) were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) only 50 ㎛ Al2O₃ sandblasting, (2) 50 ㎛ Al2O₃ sandblast and zircona liner, (3) 50 ㎛ Al2O₃ sandblasting and Rocatec (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Bistite II (Tokuyama Dental Co., Japan), Panavia F (Kuraray Medical, Japan), and Superbond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan) were used to cement onto the zirconia. After 24h of storage in distilled water, shear bond strength was evaluated. High value group was re-tested after thermocycling at 5,000 cycles(5-55℃). Shear bond strength data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Test (α =.05). Shear bond strength data before and after thermocycling were analyzed with Independent sample T test (α =.05).

Results

Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec showed the most high shear bond strength. Super-bond C&B groups resulted in significantly higher than other cement groups (P<.05). Rocatec groups resulted in significantly higher than other surface treatment groups (P<.05). Shear bond strength has increased in Panavia F treated with Zirconia liner (P<.05). After thermocycling, shear bond strength was increased in Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec but decreased in other groups (P<.05).

Conclusion

Super-bond C&B cement resulted the highest shear bond strength and Rocatec system enhanced the shear bond strength. After thermocycling, shear bond strength has decreased in most resin cements except Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2013;51:73-81)

Keywords: Zirconia, Shear bond strength, Sandblasting, Zirconia liner, Rocatec

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Fig. 1.

Disk-shaped zirconia specimen.

Fig. 2.

Bonded resin cement to zirconia specimen.

Fig. 3.

Schematic diagram of shear bond strength testing.

Fig. 4.

Mean shear bone strength by surface treatment (MPa).

Fig. 5.

Mean shear bone strength by resin cement (MPa).

Table 1.

Resin cements used in this study

Material		Composition	Manufacture
Bistite II	Paste A	NPGDMA, Bis-MPEPP, Silica-zirconia filler, Other	Tokuyama Dental Co., Tokyo, Japan
Bistite II	Paste B	MAC-10, BPO, CQ, Silica-zirconia filler, Other	Tokuyama Dental Co., Tokyo, Japan
Panavia F2.0	Paste A	Methacrylate, MDP, Quartz-glass, Microfiller, Photoinitiator	Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan
	Paste B	Methacrylate, Barium glass, Sodium fluoride, Chemical initiator
	Liquid	MMA, 4-META
Superbond C&B	Powder	PMMA	Sun Medical, Moriyama, Japan
	Catalyst	Tri-n-butylborane

∗NPGDMA: Neopentylglycol dimethacrylate; Bis-MPEPP: 2,2-Bis-(4-methacryloxypolyethoxy phenyl) propane; MAC-10: 11-Methacryloxyundecane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid; BPO: Benzoyl peroxide; CQ: d,l-Camphorquinone; MDP: 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; MMA: methyl methacrylate; 4-META: 4-methacryloy-loxyethyltrimellitate anhydride; PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate.

Table 2.

Primers & zirconia liner used in this study

Material		Composition	Manufacture
Tokuso Ceramic Primer		Silane coupling agent, phosphate ester monomer, alcohol	Tokuyama Dental Co., Tokyo, Japan
Clearfil Ceramic Primer		3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl, methacrylate, MDP, ethanol	Kuraray Medical, Tokyo, Japan
Porcelain Liner M	Liquid A Liquid B	A MMA, 4-META, Stabilizer B MMA, Silane coupling agent, Stabilizer	Sun Medical, Moriyama, Japan
Zirconia Liner	Liquid A Liquid B	A MMA, 4-META B MMA, γ -MPTS	Sun Medical, Moriyama, Japan

∗γ -MPTS: 1-propanol, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-methacrylate.

Table 3.

Experimental groups used in this study

Group	Thermocycling	Surface treatment	Cement
SaBis			Bistite II
SaPan		only sandblast	Panavia F2.0
SaSup			Super-bond C&B
ZLBis			Bistite II
ZLPan	No	sandblast + zirconia liner	Panavia F2.0
ZLSup			Super-bond C&B
RoBis			Bistite II
RoPan		sandblast + Rocatec +silane	Panavia F2.0
RoSup			Super-bond C&B
T-SaSup		only sandblast	Super-bond C&B
T-RoBis T-RoPan	Yes	sandblast + Rocatec + silane	Bistite II Panavia F2.0
T-RoSup			Super-bond C&B

∗Sa: sandblast, ZL: zirconia liner, Ro: Rocatec, T: thermocycling, Bis: Bistite II, Pan: Panavia F2.0, Sup: Super-bond C&B.

Table 4.

The mean ± SD of shear bond strength in each group (MPa)

Group	Mean (MPa)	SD	Minimum (MPa)	Maximum (MPa)
SaBis	3.56	0.9	2.43	5.38
SaPan	7.39	1.04	5.79	9.14
SaSup	11.74	0.65	10.83	12.85
ZLBis	3.39	0.53	2.49	4.29
ZLPan	9.74	2.06	6.42	13.31
ZLSup	8.63	1.5	6.02	10.62
RoBis	7.35	1.55	5.75	9.74
RoPan	10.09	2.16	7.88	15.26
RoSup	12.25	0.48	11.66	13.13
T-SaSup	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
T-RoBis	3.23	0.21	2.87	3.55
T-RoPan	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
T-RoSup	14.05	1.73	11.07	15.99

Table 5.

Tukey HSD test for shear bond strength according to resin cements of each surface treatment group

Surface treatment	Resin cement (1)	Resin cement (2)	Mean Differenece (1-2)(MPa)	S.E.	P-value
Sandblast	Bistite II	Panavia F2.0	-3.83	10.84	.000
Sandblast	Bistite II	Superbond C&B	-8.18	10.84	.000
	Panavia F2.0	Superbond C&B	-4.35	10.59	.000
		Panavia F2.0	-6.35	19.01	.000
Zirconia liner	Bistite II	Superbond C&B	-5.24	18.57	.000
	Panavia F2.0	Superbond C&B	1.11	18.57	.226
		Panavia F2.0	-2.74	19.67	.001
Rocatec	Bistite II	Superbond C&B	-4.90	19.67	.000
	Panavia F2.0	Superbond C&B	-2.16	19.67	.010

Table 6.

Tukey HSD test for shear bond strength according to surface treatments of each resin cement group

Resin cement	Surface treatment (1)	Surface treatment (2)	Mean Differenece (1-2)(MPa)	S.E.	P-value
Bistite II	Sandblast	Zirconia liner	0.17	13.65	.932
		Rocatec	-3.80	13.65	.000
	Zirconia liner	Rocatec	-3.97	13.65	.000
Panavia F2.0	Sandblast	Zirconia liner	-2.34	22.27	.016
		Rocatec	-2.70	22.27	.005
	Zirconia liner	Rocatec	-0.35	22.79	.899
Superbond C&B	Sandblast	Zirconia liner	3.12	11.95	.000
		Rocatec	-0.51	12.25	.404
	Zirconia liner	Rocatec	-3.62	12.25	.000

Table 7.

Two-way ANOVA with resin cement and surface treatment

Source	DF	Sum of Squares	Mean Square	F value	P value
Resin cement	2	485670.11	242835.06	169.017	.000
Surface treatment	2	103285.23	51642.61	35.944	.000
Resin cement ∗Surface treatment	4	79510.99	19877.75	13.835	.000
Error	84	120687.00	1436.75
Correted Total	92	783188.50

Table 8.

Independent t-test of shear bond strength before and after thermocycling

Group	N	Mean (MPa)	SD	t	P-value
RoBis	11	7.35	1.55
T-RoBis	11	3.23	0.21	8.257	.000
RoSup	11	12.25	0.48
T-RoSup	11	14.05	1.73	-2.639	.025

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