Absorbed and effective dose for periapical radiography using portable and wall type dental X-ray machines

Won-Jeong Han

doi:10.4047/jkap.2012.50.3.184

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Han: Absorbed and effective dose for periapical radiography using portable and wall type dental X-ray machines

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics

The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics 2012; 50(3): 184-190.

Published online: 31 July 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2012.50.3.184

Absorbed and effective dose for periapical radiography using portable and wall type dental X-ray machines

Won-Jeong Han, DDS, PhD

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.

Corresponding Author: Won-Jeong Han. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Korea. +82 041 550 1923: wonjeonghan@gmail.com

Received 13 July 2012 Revised 18 July 2012 Accepted 19 July 2012

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to measure the absorbed dose and to calculate the effective dose for one periapical radiography using the portable and wall type dental X-ray machines.

Materials and methods

Thermoluminescent chips were placed at 25 sites throughout the layers of the head and neck of a tissue-equivalent human skull phantom. The man phantom was exposed with the portable and wall type dental X-ray machines. For one periapical radiography taken by portable dental X-ray machine, the exposure setting was 60 kVp, 2 mA and 0.2 seconds, while for one periapical radiography taken by wall type dental X-ray machine, exposure setting was 70 kVp, 8 mA and 0.074 seconds. Absorbed dose measurements were performed and equivalent doses to individual organs were summed using ICRP 103 to calculate effective dose.

Results

In the upper anterior periapical radiography using portable dental X-ray machine and in the lower posterior periapical radiography using both machines, the highest absorbed dose was recorded at the mandible body. The effective dose in upper anterior periapical radiography using portable and wall type dental X-ray machines was 4 µSv, 2 µSv, respectively. In the lower posterior periapical radiography, the effective dose for each portable and wall type dental X-ray machines was 6 µSv, 2 µSv.

Conclusion

It was recommended that the operator use prudently potable dental X-ray machine because that the effective dose in the periapical radiography using wall type dental X-ray machine was lower than that in the periapical radiography using portable dental X-ray machine.

Keywords: Radiography, Dental, Digital, Radiation Protection, Radiation Dosage, Portable Dental X-ray

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

ART - man phantom consisted of ten 2.5 cm horizontal sections which numbered from 1 to 9.

Fig. 2

TLD chips in the container (left) and Harshaw TLD reader system (right).

Fig. 3

Portable dental X-ray machine (AnyRay-P, Vatech Co., Hwasung, Korea).

Fig. 4

Wall-type dental X-ray machine (Kodak2200 intraoral X-ray system, Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, USA).

Table 1

Locations of TLD chips in phantom

Table 2

Exposure parameters for periapical and panoramic radiography

Table 3

Estimated percentage of tissue irradiated and TLDs used to calculated mean dose to a tissue or organ

Table 4

Tissue-weighting factors for calculation of effective dose - ICRP 2007 recommendation

^*Adrenals, extrathoracic region, gall bladder, heart, kidneys, lymphatic nodes, oral mucosa, pancreas, prostate, small intestine, spleen, thymus and uterus/cervix. Italicized text represents remainder tissues used for calculation of maxillofacial dose.

Table 5

Absorbed dose to tissues/organs in head and neck from periapical radiography using the portable and wall-type dental X-ray machine (µGy)

Table 6

Equivalent dose to tissues/organs in head and neck from full-mouth periapical radiography using the portable and wall-type dental x-ray machine (µSv)

Table 7

Effective dose from radiographic examination for periapical images using portable and wall-type dental X-ray machine (µSv)

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