Surface roughness changes caused by the galvanic corrosion between a titanium abutment and base metal alloy

Jung-Jin Lee; Kwang-Yeob Song; Seung-Keun Ahn; Ju-Mi Park

doi:10.4047/jkap.2011.49.1.65

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Lee, Song, Ahn, and Park: Surface roughness changes caused by the galvanic corrosion between a titanium abutment and base metal alloy

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49(1):65-72.

Published online: 18 December 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2011.49.1.65

Surface roughness changes caused by the galvanic corrosion between a titanium abutment and base metal alloy

Jung-Jin Lee, DDS, Kwang-Yeob Song, DDS, PhD, Seung-Keun Ahn, DDS, PhD, Ju-Mi Park, DDS, PhD^∗

Department of Prosthodontics, Collage of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Ju-Mi Park Department of Prosthodontic, Collage of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 1Ga Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea +82 63 250 2118: e-mail, jmpark@jbnu.ac.kr

Received 29 December 201012 January 2011 Accepted 13 January 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of electrochemical corrosion and surface roughness change for the cases of Ti abutment connected to restoration made of base metal alloys.

Materials and methods

It was hypothesized that Ni-Cr alloys in different compositions possess different corrosion resistances, and thus the specimens (13×13×1.5 mm) in this study were fabricated with 3 different types of metal alloys, commonly used for metal ceramic restorations. The electrochemical characteristics were evaluated with potentiostat (Parstat 2273A) and the level of surface roughness change was observed with surface roughness tester. Paired t-test was used to compare mean average surface roughness (Ra) changes of each specimen group.

Results

All specimens made of nickel-chromium based alloys, average surface roughness was increased significantly (P < .05). Among them, the Ni-Cr-Be alloy (0.016 ± 0.007 μ m) had the largest change of roughness followed by Ni-Cr (0.012 ± 0.003 μ m) and Ni-Cr-Ti (0.012 ± 0.002 μ m) alloy. There was no significant changes in surface roughness between each metal alloys after corrosion.

Conclusion

In the case of galvanic couples of Ti in contact with all specimens made of nickel-chromium based alloys, average surface roughness was increased. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49:65-72)

Keywords: Galvanic corrosion, Surface roughness, Nickel-Chromium alloy, Titanium abutment

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1.

Diagram of specimen.

Fig. 2.

Measurement of surface roughness.

Fig. 3.

Surface photos of metal specimens. A: Ni-Cr-Be, B: Ni-Cr, C: Ni-Cr-Ti.

Fig. 4.

Light micrographs of specimens (original magnification ×500). All specimen (white area - Nickel, black area - Chrome). A, B: NB group had large grain size and well defined boundary. C, D : Crystal of alloy was distributed uniformly. E, F: Group NT had similar crystal structure.

Fig. 5.

SEM micrographs of specimens (original magnification ×1,000). A, B: Group NB, C, D: Group N, E, F: Group NT.

Fig. 6.

EDX element profile for Ni-Cr alloy specimens. A: Ni-Cr-Be, B: Ni-Cr, C: Ni-Cr-Ti.

Fig. 7.

Potentiodynamic curve of specimens.

Fig. 8.

Results of Galvanic corrosion of Ti/Ni-Cr alloy couples.

Table 1.

Materials used in this study

Group	Composition (wt %)	Manufacturer
Ti	Fe: 0.03, O: 0.25, C: 0.1, N: 0.03, H: 0.015, Ti: bal.	Hyundai titanium, Korea
NB	Ni: 76.5, Cr: 14, Mo: 4.5, Be: 1.8	T3, Ticonium, USA
N	Ni: 65.2, Cr: 22.5, Mo: 9.5	Bella bond plus, Bego, Germany
NT	Ni: 76, Cr: 13.5, Mo: 6, Ti: 4	Tilite, Talladium, USA

Table 2.

Constituents of Electrolyte

Constituent	Concentration (g/L)
DW	bal.
Lactic acid	10
NaCl	5.85

Table 3.

Electrode and scanning conditions in this study

Counter electrode	Platinum (Pt)
Reference electrode	Saturated calomel electrode
Working electrode	Specimens
Scanning range	-1.5 V - 1.5 V
Scanning rate	1 mV/s
Electrolyte	Lactic acid 10 g/L + NaCl 5.85 g/L + DW
Temperature	37 ± 1℃

Table 4.

Chemical composition of Ni-Cr alloys by EDX analysis (%)

	NB	N	NT
Ni	78.47	67.31	78.53
Cr	14.04	22.60	13.09
Mo	5.10	10.08	6.02
Al	1.88	-	1.90
Fe	-	-	-
Ti	-	-	0.47

Table 5.

Value of corrosion potential (Ecorr) voltage (V (SCE)) of Ni-Cr

Group	Corrosion potential (Ecorr)
NB	-0.173
N	-0.296
NT	-0.199

Table 6.

Average surface roughness (μ m) of metal specimens

	Before	After	Δ	Significance
Ti	0.185 ± 0.007	0.207 ± 0.006	0.023 ± 0.006	-
NB	0.054 ± 0.004	0.069 ± 0.005	0.016 ± 0.007	0.003∗
N	0.048 ± 0.003	0.061 ± 0.005	0.012 ± 0.003	0.000∗
NT	0.049 ± 0.003	0.063 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.002	0.000∗

Ra: Mean surface roughness value

^∗ : P < .05.

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