Influence of sandblasting and primer on shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia

Jung-Haeng Lee; Hyeong-Seob Kim; Ahran Pae; Yi-Hyung Woo

doi:10.4047/jkap.2011.49.1.49

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Lee, Kim, Pae, and Woo: Influence of sandblasting and primer on shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49(1):49-56.

Published online: 18 December 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2011.49.1.49

Influence of sandblasting and primer on shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia

Jung-Haeng Lee, MD, Hyeong-Seob Kim, DMD, MSD, PhD, Ahran Pae, DMD, PhD, Yi-Hyung Woo, DMD, MSD, PhD^∗

Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Yi-Hyung Woo Department of Prosthodontics, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #1, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea Seoul, Korea +82 2 958 9340: e-mail, yhwoo@khu.ac.kr

Received 9 December 201015 December 2010 Accepted 8 January 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical, chemical surface treatments on the zirconia-to-resin cement shear bond strength (SBS).

Materials and methods

Eighty zirconia discs (Lava, 3M ESPE) and eighty zirconia/alumina composite (Zirace, Acucera) were embedded in an epoxy resin base. Zirconia discs were randomly divided in to four treatment groups(10 for each manufacturer): 50 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting (S50),110 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting (S110), 50 μ m Al2O3 and primer (Z-Prime Plus, Bisco Inc) (S50z) and 110 μ m Al2O3 and primer (Z-Prime Plus) (S110z). Two resin-based luting cements (Calibra, Panavia F) were used to build 2 mm-diameter cylinders onto the zirconia. After 24 h of storage in water, SBS testing was evaluate using a universal testing machine. Bond strength data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA test and post hoc comparison was done using Tukey test (α = .05).

Results

Groups using primer showed the high shear bond strength. The groups that did not use primer presented lower shear bond strengths.

Conclusion

The use of primer (Z-Prime Plus, Bisco) had significantly higher shear bond strengths. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49:49-56)

Keywords: Zirconia, Surface treatment, Primer, Resin cement, Bond strength

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Fig. 1.

Mean SBS values of groups using Lava (∗: P < .05).

Fig. 2.

Mean SBS values of groups using Zirace (∗: P < .05).

Fig. 3.

Mean SBS values of groups using Calibra (∗: P < .05).

Fig. 4.

Mean SBS values of groups using Panavia F (∗: P < .05).

Fig. 5.

SEM image of Lava after sandblasting (magnification ×1,000). The roughness of the surface is suitable for the mechanical interlocking between zirconia and resin cement. A: 50 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting, B: 110 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting.

Fig. 6.

SEM image of Zirace after sandblasting (magnification ×1000). The pattern morphology is similar between 50 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting (A) and 110 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting (B). A: 50 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting, B: 110 μ m Al2O3 sandblasting.

Fig. 7.

SEM image of failure mode (magnification ×100). A: Adhesive failure mode, B: Mixed failure mode.

Table 1.

Experimental materials

Materials	Brand	Product	Manufacturer
Zirconia	Lava	ZrO2 (97 %), Y2O3 (3 %)	3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA
	Zirace	ZrO2 (70.7 %), Y2O3 (7.6%), Nb2O5 (7.5 %),Al2O3 (14.2%)	Acucera Co. Inc., Korea
Primer	Z-PRIME Plus	Biphenyl dimethacrylate, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethanol	Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL,USA
Resin cement	Calibra	Barium boron fluoroalumino silicate glass, Bis-GMA, Dimethacrylate resin, Silica, Titanium Dioxide	Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany
	Panavia F 2.0	ED Primer; 10-MDP, HEMA, hydrophilic dimethacrylate, CQ, N,N-diethanol p-toludine, water	Kuraray Medical Inc, Okayama, Japan
	Cement paste: 10-MDP, bisphenol A polyethoxy dimethacrylate, hydrophobic & hydrophilic dimethacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, Silica, initiator, Diethanol-P-toluidine, sodium trisopropyl benzene sulffinate, silanated barium glass, silanated titanium oxide sodium fluoride

Bis-GMA: Bisphenol-A diglycidyl methacrylate, HEMA: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, CQ: Camphoroquinone, 10-MDP: 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate.

Table 2.

Ex perimental gro ups

Groups (n = 10)	Zirconia	Sandblasting	Primer (Z-prime plus)	Resin cemen
LC50	Lava	50 μ m	X	Calibra
LP50			X	Panavia F
LC50z			O	Calibra
LP50z			O	Panavia F
LC110		110 μ m	X	Calibra
LP110			X	Panavia F
LC110z			O	Calibra
LP110z			O	Panavia F
ZC50	Zirace	50 μ m	X	Calibra
ZP50			X	Panavia F
ZC50z			O	Calibra
ZP50z			O	Panavia F
ZC110		110 μ m	X	Calibra
ZP110			X	Panavia F
ZC110z			O	Calibra
ZP110z			O	Panavia F

Table 3.

Shear bond strength means in MPa (SD) by resin cement and surface treatment

	Lava
	50 μ m	50 μ m + Z-prime plus	110 μ m	110 μ m+ Z-prime plus
Calibra	7.17 (3.09)	19.44 (5.58)	7.83 (2.88)	17.94 (3.86)
Panavia F	10.61 (3.96)	14.60 (3.85)	11.71 (2.34)	18.05 (4.10)
Zirace
Calibra	5.59 (2.20)	20.56 (3.78)	6.54 (2.44)	19.40 (5.06)
Panavia F	9.76 (3.75)A	18.25 (4.64)	13.83 (4.58)	18.28 (2.67)

Table 4.

Failure mode after SBS testing

Lava
	LC50	LC110	LP50	LP110	LC50Z	LC110Z	LP50Z	LP110Z
Adhesive	100 %	100 %	40 %	10 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Cohesive	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Mixed	0 %	0 %	60 %	90 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %
Zirace
	ZC50	ZC110	ZP50	ZP110	ZC50Z	ZC110Z	ZP50Z	ZP110Z
Adhesive	100 %	100 %	50 %	30 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Cohesive	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Mixed	0 %	0 %	50 %	70 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	100 %

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