Effects of chromium chloride addition on coloration and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP

Gye-Jeong Oh; Yoon-Jeong Seo; Kwi-Dug Yun; Hyun-Pil Lim; Sang-Won Park; Kyung-Ku Lee; Tae-Kwan Lim; Doh-Jae Lee

doi:10.4047/jkap.2011.49.2.120

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Oh, Seo, Yun, Lim, Park, Lee, Lim, and Lee: Effects of chromium chloride addition on coloration and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49(2):120-127.

Published online: 18 December 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2011.49.2.120

Effects of chromium chloride addition on coloration and mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP

Gye-Jeong Oh, MSD¹, Yoon-Jeong Seo, MSD¹, Kwi-Dug Yun, DDS, MSD¹, Hyun-Pil Lim, MSD, DDS, PhD¹, Sang-Won Park, MSD, DDS, PhD¹, Kyung-Ku Lee, PhD², Tae-Kwan Lim, BSc³, Doh-Jae Lee, PhD^3,^∗

^¹BK21 Project, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry

^²R&D Center for Titanium and Special Alloys

^³Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Functional Surface Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Doh-Jae Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea +82 62 530 1697: e-mail, djlee8283@jnu.ac.kr

Received 26 January 201123 March 2011 Accepted 28 March 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chromium chloride addition on coloration, mechanical property and microstructure of 3Y-TZP.

Materials and methods

Chromium chloride was weighed as 0.06, 0.12, and 0.25 wt% and each measured amount was dissolved in alcohol. ZrO₂ powder was mixed with each of the individual slurry to prepare chromium doped zirconia specimen. The color, physical properties and microstructure were observed after the zirconia specimen were sintered at 1450℃. In order to evaluate the color, spectrophotometer was used to analyze the value of L∗, C∗, a∗ and b∗, after placing the specimen on a white plate, and measured according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard, Illuminant D65 and SCE system. The density was measured in the Archimedes method, while microstructures were evaluated by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD. Fracture toughness was calculated Vickers indentation method and indentation size was measured by using the optical microscope. The data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA test (α = 0.05). The Tukey multiple comparison test was used for post hoc analysis.

Results

1. Chromium chloride rendered zirconia a brownish color. While chromium chloride content was increased, the color of zirconia was changed from brownish to brownish-red. 2. Chromium chloride content was increased; density of the specimen was decreased. 3. More chromium chloride in the ratio showed increase size of grains. 4. But the addition of chromium chloride did not affect the crystal phase of zirconia, and all specimens showed tetragonal phase. 5. The chromium chloride in zirconia did not showed statistically significant difference in fracture toughness, but addition of 0.25 wt% showed a statistically significant difference (P<.05).

Conclusion

Based on the above results, this study suggests that chromium chlorides can make colored zirconia while adding in a liquid form. The new colored zirconia showed a slight difference in color to that of the natural tooth, nevertheless this material can be used as an all ceramic core material. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2011;49:120-7)

Keywords: Chromium chloride, Zirconia, Color, Mechanical properties, Microstructure

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Fig. 1.

Surface trace dimensions of Vickers indentation used to measure the half-diagonal (a) and the initial length (c).

Fig. 2.

L∗-C∗ and a∗-b∗ color coordinates of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride.

Fig. 3.

Mean density and relative density of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride.

Fig. 4.

SEM images of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride. A: 0 wt%, B: 0.06 wt%, C: 0.12 wt%, D: 0.25wt%.

Fig. 5.

XRD patterns of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride. (a) 0 wt%, (b) 0.06 wt%, (c) 0.12 wt%, and (d) 0.25wt%.

Fig. 6.

Fracture toughness of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride.

Table 1.

Chemical composition of the zirconia powder

Composition	Content (wt %)
ZrO2(HfO2)	94.35% (< 5%)
Y₂O₃	5.40%
AI₂O₃	0.25%

Table 2.

Experimental groups used in this study

Group	Chromium chloride content (wt %)
Co	—
Cr₁	0.06
Cr₂	0.12
Cr₃	0.25

Table 3.

Mean density, relative density, and grain size of sintered 3Y-TZP with different weight percents of chromium chloride

Group	Density (g/cm³)	Relative density (%)	Grain size (㎛)
Co	5.95^c,d	97.55	0.49
Cr₁	5.88^b,c	96.45	0.53
Cr₂	5.81^a,b	95.24	0.54
Cr₃	5.75^a	94.32	0.57

Identical letters (a, b, c or d) denote no significant difference at the P ≤ .05 level

Table 4.

Mean fracture toughness of the experimental group (± SD)

Group	Fracture toughness (MPam^-1)
Co	7.14 ± 0.59^b
Cr₁	6.86 ± 0.73^a,b
Cr₂	6.62 ± 0.84^a,b
Cr₃	6.19 ± 0.40^a

Identical letters (a or b) denote no significant difference at the P ≥ .05 level.

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