Histomorphometric study of machined titanium implants and calcium phosphate coated titanium implants

Hyun-Joo Kang; Jae-Ho Yang

doi:10.4047/jkap.2010.48.2.122

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Kang and Yang: Histomorphometric study of machined titanium implants and calcium phosphate coated titanium implants

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2010;48(2):122-127.

Published online: 18 December 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2010.48.2.122

Histomorphometric study of machined titanium implants and calcium phosphate coated titanium implants

Hyun-Joo Kang, DDS¹, Jae-Ho Yang, DDS, MSD, PhD^2,^∗

^¹Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

^²Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

∗Corresponding Author: Jae-Ho Yang Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-749, Korea +82 2 2072 3393: e-mail, jhoyang@snu.ac.kr

Received 19 March 20105 April 2010 Accepted 14 April 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium phosphate coated titanium implant surface on bone response and implant stability at early stage of healing period of 3 weeks and later healing period of 6 weeks.

Material and methods

A total of 24 machined, screw-shaped implants (Dentium Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) which dimensions were 3.3 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length, were used in this research. All implants (n = 24), made of commercially pure (grade IV) titanium, were divided into 2 groups. Twelve implants (n = 12) were machined without any surface modification (control). The test implants (n = 12) were anodized and coated with thin film (150 nm) of calcium phosphate by electron-beam deposition. The implants were placed on the proximal surface of the rabbit tibiae. The bone to implant contact (BIC) ratios was evaluated after 3 and 6 weeks of implant insertion.

Results

The BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants (70.8 ± 18.9%) was significantly higher than that of machined implants (44.1 ± 16.5%) 3 weeks after implant insertion (P = 0.0264). However, there was no significant difference between the groups after 6 weeks of healing (P > .05).

Conclusion

The histomorphometric evaluation of implant surface revealed that: 1. After 3 weeks early healing period, bone to implant contact (BIC) percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants (70.8%) was much greater than that of surface untreated machined implants (44.1%) with P = 0.0264. 2. After 6 weeks healing period, however, BIC percentage of calcium phosphate coated implants group (79.0%) was similar to the machined only implant group (78.6%). There was no statistical difference between two groups (P = 0.8074). 3. We found the significant deference between the control group and experimental group during the early healing period of 3 weeks. But no statistical difference was found between two groups during the later of 6 weeks. (J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2010;48:122-7)

Keywords: Machined surface implant, Calcium phosphate coated implant, Electron-beam deposition, Histomorphometry

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Fig. 1.

The implants were inserted 8 mm apart at the proximal surface of the rabbit tibia.

Fig. 2.

Histologic views at three magnifications (× 10, × 40, and × 100) of (A)-(C) machined and (D)-(F) calcium phosphate coated implants after 3 weeks of healing. Much woven bone was observed to contact the dental implant.

Fig. 3.

Histologic views at three magnifications (×10, ×40, and ×100) of (A)-(C) machined and (D)-(F) calcium phosphate coated implants after 6 weeks of healing. The cortical layers were mature and many osteocytes were detected.

Fig. 4.

The means and standard deviations of the BIC ratios. The test implants shows the significant higher BIC ratio than the control during the healing period of 3 weeks.

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