THE COLOR STABILITY OF AESTHETIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS RESULTING FROM ACCELERATED AGING

Jeong-Seon Lee; Kyu-Won Suh; Jae-Jun Ryu

doi:10.4047/jkap.2008.46.6.577

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Lee, Suh, and Ryu: THE COLOR STABILITY OF AESTHETIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS RESULTING FROM ACCELERATED AGING

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

J Korean Acad Prosthodont 2008;46(6):577-585.

Published online: 18 December 2008

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4047/jkap.2008.46.6.577

THE COLOR STABILITY OF AESTHETIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS RESULTING FROM ACCELERATED AGING

Jeong-Seon Lee, MSD, DDS, PhD¹, Kyu-Won Suh, MSD, DDS, PhD², Jae-Jun Ryu, DDS, MSD, PhD^2,^∗

^¹Private Practioner, Department of Prothodontics, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea

^²Professor, Department of Prothodontics, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding Author: Jae-Jun Ryu Department of Prothodontics, Dentistry, Korea University Medical Hospital Gojan 1-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 425-707, Korea +82 31 412 5370: e-mail, koprosth@unitel.co.kr

Received 22 October 200814 November 2008 Accepted 26 November 2008

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The discoloration of anterior teeth restoration is one of the material problems demanding retreatment.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the color stability and affecting factors on esthetic restorative materials when subjected to accelerated aging.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This study was conducted using porcelain disks (IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished), direct restorative resin disks (SYNERGY Duo) and indirect restorative resin disks (Sinfony, TESCERA ATL). Accelerated aging was done by precipitating the specimens in 38° C distilled water and irradiating with xenon light, and the total irradiation was 397.98 KJ/mm. Color and microhardness change of the specimens were measured before accelerated aging and after 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours of accelerated aging, and Surface of the specimens were examined with SEM before and after 300 hours of accelerated aging.

RESULTS

1. After 300 hours’ accelerated aging, a ΔE value was 3.3 or lower in IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony. 2. After 300 hours’ accelerated aging, gloss was lost and surface changes including microcracks were observed in TESCERA ATL and SYNERGY Duo, and color changes of them ranged between 3.58 and 6.40 ΔE units. 3. During 300 hours’ accelerated aging, the microhardness of surface was increased by 3.21 - 19.64% in all kinds of composites resin.

CONCLUSION

After 300 hours'accelerated aging, SEM images IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony showed little morphological change and their color changes were considered to be clinically acceptable. And there was significant correlation between microhardness changes and color changes of composites (P < .05).

Keywords: Color stability, Accelerated aging, SEM, Composite resin, Porcelain

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Fig. 1.

IPS Empress 2-glazed. after accelerated aging (×8000).

Fig. 2.

IPS Empress 2-polished. after accelerated aging (×100).

Fig. 3.

Sinfony control specimen (× 8000).

Fig. 4.

SYNERGY Duo control spec-cimen(×8000).

Fig. 5.

SYNERGY Duo, after accelerated aging (×8000).

Fig. 6.

TESCERA ATL, after accelerated aging (×8000).

Table I.

Materials tested

Product	IPS Empress 2-glazed	IPS Empress 2-polished	Sinfony	SYNERGY Duo	TESCERA
Manufacturer	Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein	Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein	3M ESPE, Germany	Colte ｀ne/Whaledent AG, Switzerland	Bisco, USA
Batch number	G05928	G05928	181932	NC352	20009755
	F59999	F59999
	G07204
Photoinitiator		N/A	N/A	Camphoroquinone (1%)	Camphoroquinone Tertiary amine
Heat Initiator					TBPZ
Shade	IPS Empress 2 Incisal chromascop S1 IPS Empress 2 build up liquid Universal glaze and stain liquid	IPS Empress 2 incisal chromascop S1 IPS Empress 2 build up liquid	E2	A2/B2	Body A2
Monomer matrix			Mixture of Aliphatic monomers & Cycloaliphatic monomers	TEGDMA BisGMA BisEMA	TEGDMA BisGMA
Inorganic fillers	N/A	N/A	Strontium aluminium borosilicate glass, silanised Pyrogenic silica, silanised Special glassionomer	Barium glass, silanised Strontium glass, silanised Amorphous silica, hydrophobed	Amorphous silica Glass frit
Filler size in ㎛ (average)	N/A	N/A	0.05,0.5 - 0.7	0.04 - 2.5 (0.6)	0.05 - 17
Filler weight in %	N/A	N/A	50	74	72
Filler volume in %	N/A	N/A		59	53
Polymerization	Heat (825° C)		Light		Light (130 W)
type or firing	Heat (785° C)		Vacuum	Light	Pressure (80 PSI) Heat (132° C)
Type			Ultra-fine particle hybrid composite	Fine hybrid composite	Reinforced microfilled hybrid composite

TEGDMA: Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate BisGMA: Bisphenol -A-diglycidylether methacrylate TBPZ: Tertiary butyl peroxybenzoate

Table II.

Color changes (ΔE ± SD) of products during the accelerated aging process

Products	ΔE ± SD
Products	0 hrs	100 hrs	200 hrs	300 hrs
IPS Emp. 2-gla.	0 ^A, ^a	1.0 ^A, ^b ± 1.0	1.26 ^A, ^b ± 1.1	1.1 ^A, ^b ± 1.2
IPS Emp. 2-pol.	0 ^A, ^a	1.6 ^A, ^b ± 2.5	2.52 ^B, ^b ± 3.0	2.5 ^B, ^b ± 2.9
Sinfony	0 ^A, ^a	0.9 ^B, ^b ± 0.3	2.05 ^A, ^B, ^c± 0.7	3.3 ^B, ^d ± 0.7
SYNERGY Duo	0 ^A, ^a	4.4 ^B, ^b ± 0.6	5.70 ^D, ^c ± 0.5	6.4 ^C, ^d ± 0.9
TESCERA	0 ^A, ^a	4.1 ^B, ^b ± 0.3	4.08 ^C, ^b ± 0.5	3.6 ^B, ^c ± 0.6

For comparisons between durations of aging process (rows), means with same lower case letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe ´F-test. For comparisons between products (columns), means with same capital letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe ´F-test.

Table III.

Microhardness of products under the accelerated aging process, mean ± SD

Products	Microhardness
Products	0 hrs	100 hrs	200 hrs	300 hrs
IPS Emp. 2-gla.	491.6 ± 59.8 ^D,a	476.5 ± 40.0 ^C,a	495.0 ± 23.6 ^C,a	605.1 ± 30. 2 ^D,b
IPS Emp. 2-pol.	409.5 ± 22.3 ^C,a	470.9 ± 40.0 ^C,b	492.2 ± 23.6 ^C,b	565.7 ± 36.9 ^C,c
Sinfony	31.0 ± 5.3 ^A,a	35.7 ± 3.6 ^A,b	34.9 ± 3.5 ^A,b	34.5 ± 3.4 ^A,b
SYNERGY Duo	59.8 ± 8.0 ^B,a	63.4 ± 6.6 ^B,a,b	65.0 ± 4.7 ^B,b	65.3 ± 4.8 ^B,b
TESCERA	67.7 ± 3.8 ^B,a	73.4 ± 3.3 ^B,b	75.1 ± 3.2 ^B,b	69.7 ± 2.7 ^B,a

For comparisons between products (columns), means with same capital letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe's test. For comparisons between durations of aging process (rows), means with same lower case letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe's test.

Table IV.

Microhardness percent changes of products under accelerated aging Process, mean

Products	Accelerated aging time
Products	100 hrs	200 hrs	300 hrs
IPS Emp. 2-gla.	-1.5 ^B,a	2.1 ^B,a	24.8 ^A,B,b
IPS Emp. 2-pol.	15.3 ^A,b	20.5 ^A,b	38.5 ^A,c
Sinfony	19.6 ^A,a	17.0 ^A,a	14.9 ^B,C,a,
SYNERGY Duo	7.4 ^A,B,a	10.4 ^A,B,a	11.2 ^B,C,a
TESCERA	8.6 ^A,B,b	11.2 ^A,B,b	3.2 ^C,a

For comparisons between products (columns), means with same capital letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe ´F-test. For comparisons between durations of aging process (rows), means with same lower case letter are not statistically different at P = .05 using the Scheffe ´F-test.

Table V.

Correlation coefficient (r) of color changes and the baseline microhardness changes (microhardness percent change)

Products	Accelerated aging time
Products	100 hrs	200 hrs	300 hrs
IPS Emp. 2-gla.	-0.09 (-0.11)	0.18 (-0.02)	-0.03 (-0.08)
IPS Emp. 2-pol.	-0.29 (-0.08)	-0.04 (0.08)	-0.23 (-0.09)
Sinfony	0.08 (0.10)	-0.47^†(-0.47^†)	-0.18 (-0.39^†)
SYNERGY Duo	0.28 (-0.08)	-0.13 (-0.37^†)	-0.31 (-0.50^†)
TESCERA	-0.22 (-0.32)	0.27 (0.09)	0.42^†(0.08)

^† P < .05,

^‡ P < .01

Table VI.

ANOVA table for two way of f color changes (ΔE)

Variables	Mean square	F-value	P - value
Aging Time	354.81	232.27	.000
Products	201.97	132.22	.000
Aging Time∗ Products	29.95	19.61	.000
Residual	2.40

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