PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
Transplant candidates and recipients are at increased risk for infections, many of which are preventable by immunization. Patients who are waiting for transplant or post-transplant patients, as well as their household members and healthcare workers have completed the recommended vaccinations before transplantation. Live attenuated vaccines including varicella and MMR are generally not recommended after transplantation, thus protective level of antibodies should be detected before transplantation. Currently, pneumococcal vaccine and zoster vaccines are in clinical trial among post-transplant patients. In this article, we reviewed the guidelines for vaccination in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients and summarize the available literature on the efficacy and safety of vaccines for patients who are scheduled for or who have undergone organ transplantation.
References
1). Kumar D, Humar A, Plevneshi A, Green K, Prasad GV, Siegal D, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease in solid organ transplant recipients: 10-year prospective population surveillance. Am J Transplant. 2007; 7:1209–14.
2). Kumar D. Immunizations following solid-organ transplantation. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2014; 27:329–35.
3). Loinaz C, de Juanes JR, Gonzalez EM, Ló pez A, Lumbreras C, Gó mez R, et al. Hepatitis B vaccination results in 140 liver transplant recipients. Hepatogastroenterology. 1997; 44:235–8.
4). Chow J, Golan Y. Vaccination of solid-organ transplantation candidates. Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49:1550–6.
5). Stark K, Gunther M, Neuhaus R, Reinke P, Schroder K, Linnig S, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis A vaccine in liver and renal transplant recipients. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180:2014–7.
6). Kumar D, Rotstein C, Miyata G, Arlen D, Humar A. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of pneumococcal vaccination in renal transplant recipients. J Infect Dis. 2003; 187:1639–45.
7). Kumar D, Welsh B, Siegal D, Chen MH, Humar A. Immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccine in renal transplant recipients–three year follow-up of a randomized trial. Am J Transplant. 2007; 7:633–8.
8). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-va-lent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults with immunocompromising conditions: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012; 61:816–9.
9). Cordero E, Manuel O. Influenza vaccination in solid-organ transplant recipients. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012; 17:601–8.
10). Kumar D, Blumberg EA, Danziger-Isakov L, Kotton CN, Halasa NB, Ison MG, et al. Influenza vaccination in the organ transplant recipient: review and summary recommendations. Am J Transplant. 2011; 11:2020–30.
11). Birdwell KA, Ikizler MR, Sannella EC, Wang L, Byrne DW, Ikizler TA, et al. Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009; 54:112–21.
12). Cordero E, Perez-Ordonez A, Aydillo TA, Torre-Cisneros J, Gavalda J, Lara R, et al. Therapy with m-TOR inhibitors decreases the response to the pandemic influenza A H1N1 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2011; 11:2205–13.
13). Danziger-Isakov L, Kumar D. AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Vaccination in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2013; 13(Suppl 4):311–7.
14). Guidelines for vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. Am J Transplant. 2004; 4(Suppl 10):160–3.
15). Parnham AP, Flexman JP, Saker BM, Thatcher GN. Primary varicella in adult renal transplant recipients: a report of three cases plus a review of the literature. Clin Transplant. 1995; 9:115–8.
16). Danzinger-Isakov L, Kumar D. AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Guidelines for vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. Am J Transplant. 2009; 9(Suppl 4):S258–62.
17). Huzly D, Neifer S, Reinke P, Schrö der K, Schö nfeld C, Hofmann T, et al. Routine immunizations in adult renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1997; 63:839–45.
18). Pedrazzi C, Ghio L, Balloni A, Panuccio A, Foti M, Edefonti A, et al. Duration of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in young kidney transplant patients. Pediatr Transplant. 1999; 3:109–14.
19). Enke BU, Bö kenkamp A, Offner G, Bartmann P, Brodehl J. Response to diphtheria and tetanus booster vaccination in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1997; 64:237–41.
20). Human papillomavirus infection. Am J Transplant. 2004; 4(Suppl 10):95–100.
21). Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, Lawson HW, Chesson H, Unger ER, et al. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007; 56:1–24.
22). Briere EC, Rubin L, Moro PL, Cohn A, Clark T, Messonnier N, et al. Prevention and control of haemophilus influenzae type b disease: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014; 63(RR-01):1–14.
Table 1.
Recommended vaccinations for patients undergoing transplantation
Table 2.
Recommended vaccination in close household members of transplant candidates/recipients or healthcare workers
XML Download