Health Status and Health-promoting Lifestyle for Living Donors after Kidney Donation Through Survey

Kyung Nam Min; In Lee Doo; Jung Kwon Oh

doi:10.4285/jkstn.2014.28.3.144

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Min, Doo, and Oh: Health Status and Health-promoting Lifestyle for Living Donors after Kidney Donation Through Survey

Original Article

J Korean Soc Transplant 2014;28(3):144-152.

Published online: 10 September 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4285/jkstn.2014.28.3.144

Health Status and Health-promoting Lifestyle for Living Donors after Kidney Donation Through Survey

Kyung Nam Min, R.N.¹, In Lee Doo, M.D.², Jung Kwon Oh, M.D.²

¹Transplant Center, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea

²Department of Surgery, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Oh Jung Kwon Department of Surgery, Hanyang University School of Medicine, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-792, Korea Tel: 82-2-2290-8485, Fax: 82-2-2295-4576, E-mail: ojkwon@hanyang.ac.kr First co-author: Min Kyung Nam, Doo In Lee

Received 3 March 2014 Revised 27 June 2014 Accepted 27 June 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

Normal renal function and health have been recognized as important factors in living donors after kidney donation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health status and health-promoting lifestyle in living donors after kidney donation.

Methods

A total of 678 living-kidney donors were counted in our center from January 1990 to December 2011. Only 84 donors agreed to participate in the survey by telephone. We received consent for participation in our survey from 48 donors (57.1%). Data were collected from May to August 2013 using donor characteristics, health status, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅰ (HPLP-I).

Results

The donors were predominantly female (62.5%) and the average age was 48.9±11.8 years, and the average period after nephrectomy was 9.7±5.7 years. The characteristics of donors included ideal body weight (37.5%), overweight (37.5%) in body mass index, and good health status (81.3%). Most donors underwent an annual medical check-up (56.2%), no health problem (81.3%), and no disease (64.6%). However, one patient was treated with dialysis for renal failure due to diabetes. The total average score for HPLP-Ⅰ was 128.3±13.9. Higher than average scores (116.3±19.1) were observed for the general middle-aged woman. There were statistically significant differences in self-realization and nutrition in subsection of HPLP-Ⅰ. Self-realization showed a higher score for Christian (F=2.743, P=0.041) and good health (F=3.389, P=0.017). Nutrition showed a higher score for overweight, obesity (F=6.783, P=0.000), and older than 60 (F=3.854, P=0.009).

Conclusions

Most living kidney donors were healthy after their donation and had relatively high scores for health-promoting lifestyle. However, one patient had a serious health problem. In addition, younger, longer period after donation, and the rare health examination of donors showed a lower health-promoting lifestyle. Designed and continuous healthcare management after transplantation is needed for kidney donors.

Keywords: Health-promoting lifestyle, Living kidney donor, Kidney transplantation

References

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Table 1.

General characteristics of living donors (n=48)

Characteristic		No. (%)
Age (yr)	＜30	4 (8.3)
	31∼40	10 (20.8)
	41∼50	13 (27.1)
	51∼60	10 (20.8)
	＞60	11 (22.9)
Sex	Men	18 (37.5)
Sex	Women	30 (62.5)
Marriage	Unmarried	9 (18.8)
	Married	37 (77.1)
	Divorce	2 (4.2)
Religion	No religion	18 (37.5)
	Christian	12 (25.0)
	Buddhism	13 (27.1)
	Catholic	2 (4.2)
	Other	3 (6.3)
Education	Elementary school graduate	5 (10.4)
	Middle school graduate	6 (12.5)
	High school graduate	18 (37.5)
	Junior college graduate	7 (14.6)
	College	12 (25.0)
Job	Inoccupation	4 (8.3)
	Housewife	13 (27.1)
	Company employe	10 (20.8)
	Self-employe	12 (25.0)
	Professions	9 (18.8)
Economy	Rich	1 (2.1)
	Intermediate	35 (70.8)
	Poor	13 (27.1)

Table 2.

Health characteristics of living donors (n=48)

Characteristic		No. (%)
Donation period (yr)	1990∼1994	5 (10.4)
	1995∼1999	8 (16.7)
	2000∼2004	10 (20.8)
	2005∼2009	18 (37.5)
	2010∼2011	7 (14.6)
Body mass index	Under weight	1 (2.1)
	Normal weight	18 (37.5)
	Over weight	18 (37.5)
	Obesity	8 (16.7)
	Morbid obesity	3 (6.3)
Subjective health status	Good	14 (29.2)
	Not bad	25 (52.1)
	Bad	7 (14.6)
	Serious problem	1 (2.1)
	Other	1 (2.1)
Diagnosed with the disease	No	31 (64.6)
Diagnosed with the disease	Yes	17 (35.4)
Health problem of donation	No	39 (81.3)
Health problem of donation	Yes	9 (18.8)
Medical examination	Every 6 months	10 (20.8)
	Yearly	17 (35.4)
	2 Yearly	7 (14.6)
	3 Yearly	3 (6.3)
	No exam for 5 yearl	ly 11 (22.9)

Table 3.

Difference of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-I according to general characteristics living of donors (n=48)

Characteristic		n	Mean±SD	t or F	Sig
Age (yr)	＜30	4	121.0±10.7	1.024	0.406
	31∼40	10	129.3±15.9
	41∼50	13	124.6±10.3
	51∼60	10	128.6±12.3
	＞60	11	134.3±17.6
Sex	Men	18	127.6±19.8	0.233	0.818
Sex	Women	30	128.8±9.2
Marriage	Unmarried	9	127.8±14.4	0.108	0.898
	Married	37	128.7±14.3
	Divorce	2	124.0±2.83
Religion	No religion	18	127.9±11.9	1.553	0.204
	Christian	12	135.0±47.9
	Buddhism	13	126.5±11.9
	Catholic	2	113.5±4.9
	Other	3	121.6±11.8
Education	Elementary school graduate	5	121.4±6.4	1.695	0.169
	Middle school graduate	6	124.5±11.2
	High school graduate	18	129.3±12.0
	Junior college graduate	7	121.8±12.9
	College	12	135.4±18.1
Job	Inoccupation	4	134.8±31.2	0.425	0.790
	Housewife	13	129.5±9.4
	Company employee	10	124.3±15.2
	Self-employee	12	128.2±9.4
	Professions	9	127.4±14.7
Economy	Rich	1	137.0±0.0	1.493	0.236
	Intermediate	35	130.1±14
	Poor	13	122.9±13.9

Table 4.

Difference of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-I according to health characteristics living of donors (n=48)

Characteristic		n	Mean±SD	t or F	Sig
Donation period (yr)	1990∼1994	5	124.8±12.5	0.231	0.919
	1995∼1999	8	128.6±7.2
	2000∼2004	10	131.7±11.4
	2005∼2009	18	127.8±18.1
	2010∼2011	7	127.1±14.1
Body mass index	Under weight	1	122.0±0.0	1.119	0.360
	Normal weight	18	125.9±9.5
	Over weight	18	131.3±11.6
	Obesity	8	132.3±23.5
	Morbid obesity	3	116.3±17.0
Subjective health status	Good	14	135.5±10.4	2.559	0.052
	Not bad	25	125.2±11.3
	Bad	7	130.7±21.9
	Serious problem	1	108.0±0.0
	Other	1	110.0±0.0
Diagnosed with the disease	No	31	128.3±12.3	0.007	0.995
Diagnosed with the disease	Yes	17	128.4±16.9
Health problem of donation	No	39	128.1±11.7	0.161	0.875
Health problem of donation	Yes	9	129.3±22.2
Medical examination	Every 6 months	10	130.7±18.3	0.713	0.588
	Yearly	17	129.9±10.4
	2 Yearly	7	131.3±15.0
	3 Yearly	3	127.0±26.7
	No exam for 5 yearly	11	122.3±10.2
Medical check-up	Routine check-up	37	130.1±14.5	0.641	0.055
Medical check-up	No check	11	122.3±10.2

Table 5.

Difference of subsection in Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-I according to general characteristics living of donors

Characteristic		Self-realization			Nutrition
Characteristic		Mean±SD	F	Sig	Mean±SD	F	Sig
Age (yr)	＜30	32.3±2.2	0.333	0.854	15.8±0.9	3.854	0.009 ^a
	31∼40	32.2±3.5			18.2±4.3
	41∼50	31.2±4.4			18.4±2.1
	51∼60	32.0±4.9			19.1±2.6
	＞60	33.2±4.1			21.4±3.0
Religion	No religion	31.7±3.9	2.743	0.041 ^b	18.9±3.4	0.294	0.880
	Christian	34.6±4.1			19.2±3.6
	Buddhism	32.0±2.6			18.8±2.7
	Catholic	27.5±3.5			17.0±1.4
	Other	32.1±4.0			20.0±1.0

^a P＜0.01;

^b P＜0.05.

Table 6.

Difference of subsection in Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-I according to health characteristics living of donors

Characteristic		Self-realization			Nutrition
Characteristic		Mean±SD	t or F	Sig	Mean±SD	t or F	Sig
Body mass index	Underweight	36.0±0.0	0.631	0.643	14.0±0.0	6.783	0.000 ^a
	Normal weight	31.9±3.6			18.3±3
	Overweight	31.8±3.5			20.2±2.0
	Obesity	33.5±6.0			20.2±3.3
	Morbid obesity	30.3±4.6			13.3±2.9
Subjective health status	Good	33.6±2.4	3.389	0.017 ^b	20.6±2.1	1.751	0.156
	Not bad	32.0±3.4			18.0±2.9
	Bad	32.2±6.2			19.3±4.4
	Serious problem	22.0±0.0			19.0±0.0
	Other	25.0±0.0			19.0±0.0

^a P＜0.01;

^b P＜0.05.

Table 7.

Difference of subsection in Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-I according to health characteristics living of donors

Characteristic		Self-realization			Health-responsibility
Characteristic		Mean±SD	t or F	Sig	Mean±SD	t or F	Sig
Medical examination	Every 6 months	32.9±5.2	1.470	0.228	28.0±3.2	1.472	0.227
	Yearly	32.0±2.1			26.9±3.1
	2 Yearly	34.0±4.3			27.9±4.7
	3 Yearly	33.7±7.8			27.0±4.4
	No exam for 5 yearly	29.9±3.6			24.6±3.4
Medical check-up	Routine check-up	32.8±3.9	0.979	0.034 ^a	27.4±3.5	0.965	0.034 ^a
Medical check-up	No check	29.9±3.6			24.6±3.4

^a P＜0.05.

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