Link between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes

Hee Sam Na and Jin Chung

doi:10.4167/jbv.2016.46.1.52

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Chung: Link between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes

Research Update (Minireview)

J Bacteriol Virol 2016;46(1):52-56.

Published online: 9 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2016.46.1.52

Link between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes

Hee Sam Na and Jin Chung^∗

Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

^∗Corresponding author: Jin Chung. Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea. Phone: +82-51-510-8252, Fax: +82-51-510-8246, e-mail: jchung@pusan.ac.kr

^∗∗ This work was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University.

Received 12 March 201616 March 2016 Accepted 17 March 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with various systemic and oral complications including periodontitis. Periodontitis is a disease that leads to destruction of the soft and hard tissues of periodontium, which can result in periodontal bone loss and tooth loss. Although the etiology for periodontitis is bacterial plaque, the host immune response also mediates the destruction of periodontal tissues. DM is related to the development, progression and severity of periodontitis. There are several factors potentially contributing to the development of periodontitis in DM patients: 1) altered immune function, 2) hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products, and 3) altered lipid metabolism. With limited number of studies, the potential mechanisms involved in the development of DM in periodontitis have also been suggested. DM clearly increases the risk of periodontitis and biological mechanisms have been illucidated. Less clear is the impact of periodontitis on the development of DM. It is possible that periodontitis may serve as initiators or propagators of insulin resistance in a way similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic control.

Keywords: Periodontitis, Diabetes, Immune response, Advanced glycation end products, Lipid metabolism

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