Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Support the Biogenesis of Cold-induced Beige Fat

YunJae Jung

doi:10.4167/jbv.2016.46.1.44

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Jung: Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Support the Biogenesis of Cold-induced Beige Fat

Research Update (Minireview)

J Bacteriol Virol 2016;46(1):44-46.

Published online: 9 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2016.46.1.44

Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Support the Biogenesis of Cold-induced Beige Fat

YunJae Jung^∗

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea

^∗Corresponding author: YunJae Jung, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea. Phone: +82-32-820-4753, Fax: +82-32-820-4744, e-mail: yjjung@gachon.ac.kr

^∗∗ This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2004820) and by the Gachon University research fund of 2015 (GCU-2015-5105).

Received 27 January 201629 January 2016 Accepted 1 February 2016

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Brown adipose generates heat via oxidation of fatty acids by a mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent process. In addition, a subpopulation of cells within subcutaneous white adipose tissue, known as beige adipocytes, also plays a role in thermogenesis. The biogenesis of beige adipocytes is induced by thermogenic signals, such as chronic cold exposure. Recently, it has been reported that eosinophils, type 2 cytokines of IL-4/13, and alternatively activated macrophages control the thermogenic cycle of beige adipocytes. Alternatively, activated macrophages induce UCP1⁺ beige adipocytes through secretion of catecholamines. These results define the role of type 2 immune responses in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

Keywords: Brown adipose tissue, Beige fat, Thermogenesis, Eosinophil, Type 2 cytokine

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