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Jo, Yang, Kim, Choi, Kang, Yang, Yang, and Cho: Sero-surveillance of Getah Virus among Thoroughbred Horses in Korea
Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2015;45(3):235-241.

Published online: 9 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2015.45.3.235

Sero-surveillance of Getah Virus among Thoroughbred Horses in Korea

Hyun-Ye Jo1, Dong-Kun Yang1, ∗, Ha-Hyun Kim1, Sung-Suk Choi1, Kyung-Suk Kang1, Sun-Ju Yang2, Young-Jin Yang2, In-Soo Cho1

1Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Korea

2Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon, Korea

∗Corresponding author: Dong-Kun Yang, Ph.D., DVM. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14089, Korea. Phone: +82-31-467-1783, Fax: +82-31-467-1797, e-mail: yangdk@korea.kr

∗∗ This work was supported financially by a grant (N-1543083-2014-18-01) from Animal, and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea.

Received 26 May 201517 August 20158 September 2015

Copyright © 2015 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Getah virus (GETV), which is transmitted by mosquitoes, causes lower limb edema and stiffness in horses. In this study, we investigated the sero-surveillance of GETV among Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea during 2013 and 2014. A total of 1,182 equine serum samples collected from Thoroughbred racehorses in four provinces (Gyeongnam, Gyeonggi, Jeonbuk and Jeju provinces) were analyzed using virus neutralization (VN) tests. An antibody titer of ≥ 1:2 was considered positive. Overall, the seropositivity rate for GETV was found to be 12.4% (146/1,182) among the racehorses; the annual seropositivity rates were 12.4% and 12.2% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The seropositivity rates in April and September in 2013 turned out to be 8.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The regional distribution of seropositivity ranged from 5.0% to 22.3% in 2013 and from 0.0% to 15.0% in 2014, respectively. Gyeongnam province had the highest seropositivity rate than other provinces. By analyzing the distribution of VN titers according to horse age, we found that the highest GETV seropositivity rate was in horses over 6 years of age (22.4% and 28.1%, 2013 and 2014, respectively), and that the incidence of GETV was higher in geldings (17.6% and 18.6%, 2013 and 2014, respectively) than in males and females. These results indicate that Thoroughbred horses raised in Korea were bitten by mosquitoes harboring GETV.

Keywords: Getah virus, Sero-surveillance, Equine, Korea

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Figure 1.
Seropositivity rates for GETV gender among 1,182 Korean Thoroughbred horses between 2013 and 2014.
jbv-45-235f1.tif
Table 1.
Distribution of virus neutralizing titers against GETV among Korean Thoroughbred horses between 2013 and 2014
Year No. of samples No. of positive samples (%) Virus neutralizing titer
1: 2 1: 4 1: 8 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128 1:256
2013 822 102 (12.4) 40 26 27 6 0 3 0 0
2014 360 44 (12.2) 0 9 2 8 5 9 5 6
Total 1,182 146 (12.4) 40 35 29 14 5 11 5 6
Table 2.
Seasonal seropositivity rate of the Korean Thoroughbred horses in 2013
Month of collection No. of samples No. of positive Seropositivity rates (%) No. of the same samples No. of positive No. of high titer
April 348 30 8.6 47 13 2
September 474 72 15.2 11
Table 3.
Regional distribution of GETV antibodies among Koran Thoroughbred horses between 2013 and 2014
  2013 2014  
Province No. of samples No. of positive Sero-positivity rates (%) No. of samples No. of positive Sero-positivity rates (%) Total
GG∗ 378 32 8.5 130 17 13 9.6
GN 175 39 22.3 100 15 15 19.6
JB 40 2 5.0 20 0 0 3.3
JJ 229 29 12.7 110 12 10.9 12.1
Total 822 102 12.4 360 44 12.2 12.4

∗ GG: Gyeonggi Province, GN: Gyeongnam Province, JB: Jeonbuk Province, JJ: Jeju Province.

Table 4.
Distribution of seropositivity rates according to horse between 2013 and 2014
Age 2013 2014
No. of samples No. of positive Seropositivity rates (%) No. of samples No. of positive Seropositivity rates (%)
1 0 0 - 1 0 0
2 192 7 3.6 67 6 9
3 261 27 10.3 108 2 1.9
4 143 20 14 81 9 11.1
5 61 11 18 32 7 21.9
≥ 6 165 37 22.4 71 20 28.2
Total 822 102 12.4 360 44 12.2
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