Contribution of Periodontal Disease in Atherosclerosis

Hee Sam Na; Jin Chung

doi:10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.165

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Na and Chung: Contribution of Periodontal Disease in Atherosclerosis

Research Update (Minireview)

J Bacteriol Virol 2015;45(2):165-170.

Published online: 9 February 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.165

Contribution of Periodontal Disease in Atherosclerosis

Hee Sam Na, Jin Chung^∗

Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea

^∗Corresponding author: Jin Chung. Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Beomeori, Mulgeumeup, Yangsan,626-870, Korea. Phone: +82-51-510-8252, Fax: +82-51-510-8246, e-mail: jchung@pusan.ac.kr

^∗∗ This research was supported by a 2-Year Research Grant of Pusan National University. The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

Received 27 April 201529 April 2015 Accepted 30 April 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Periodontitis is a disease that leads to destruction of the soft and hard tissues of periodontium, which can result in periodontal bone loss and tooth loss in severe cases. Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by artery wall thickening as a result of invasion and accumulation of foam cells. Epidemiologic studies have suggested the association with periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Periodontopathogens are frequently found in atheroma plaque. The possible mechanisms for systemic dissemination of oral bacteria have been suggested: 1) direct translocation of bacteria from dental plaque to systemic circulation through transcellular mechanism or by physical perturbations of the gingiva, 2) indirect dissemination to distant sites via survival in immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. There are several mechanisms by which oral bacteria may contribute to atherosclerosis development: 1) activation of innate immune response, 2) mediators activated by oral bacteria and 3) involvement of cytokines and heat shock proteins from oral bacteria. Thus, better understanding the role of periodontitis in atherosclerosis may be the key to improve the prevention and treatment of

Keywords: Periodontitis, Atherosclerosis, P. gingivalis, Immune response

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